Rux (shaxmat)
Oq rux
Qora rux
Rux (♖, ♜) – shaxmatdagi donalardan biri. U istalgan miqdordagi kvadratlarda gorizontal yoki vertikal yoʻnalishda toʻsiqsiz harakatlana oladi va yoʻlidagi raqib donasini urib tashlashi mumkin. Shuningdek, rux rokirovka yurishida ishtirok etadi. Har bir oʻyinchi oʻyinni ikkita rux bilan boshlaydi – ular shaxmat doskasining har bir burchagida joylashadi.
Tarixan, rux (forscha: رخ, romanizatsiya: rox yoki rux, maʼnosi – izvosh) boshqa nomlar bilan ham atalgan, jumladan, minora, markiz, rektor yoki graf[1][2][3]. Ingliz tilidagi castle (qal’a) atamasi esa hozirgi kunda norasmiy yoki eskirgan hisoblanadi[4][5].
Joylashuvi va harakatlanishi
Ruxlarning boshlang‘ich holatlari
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Oq rux oq nuqta bilan belgilangan har qanday kvadratga o‘tishi mumkin. Qora rux qora nuqta qo‘yilgan kataklarga o‘tishi yoki e7 dagi piyodani yutib olishi mumkin.
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Oq ruxlarning boshlang‘ich joylashuvi — a1 va h1, qora ruxlarniki esa a8 va h8 kvadratlarida bo'ladi. Rux istalgan masofada gorizontal yoki vertikal yo‘nalishda bo‘sh kvadratlar orqali harakatlana oladi. Rux boshqa donalar ustidan sakrab o'tolmaydi. Raqib donasini urish uchun rux raqib donasining turgan kvadratiga o‘tadi va uni shaxmat taxtasidan olib tashlaydi. Shuningdek, rux shoh bilan birgalikda maxsus yurish — rokirovkada qatnashadi.
Nomlarning tarjimalari
| Tillar | ||
|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | T Toring | minora |
| Albancha | T Torra | minora |
| Arab tili | ر رخ / طابية (rukhkh / ṭābiya) | qalʼa / qasr |
| Ozarbayjon turkchasi | T Top | zambarak |
| Armancha | Ն Նավակ (Navak) | kema |
| Bask tili | G Gaztelua | qasr |
| Belaruscha (Taraškievica) | Лд ладзьдзя | kema |
| Bengali | N নৌকা (noukā) | Qayiq |
| Bolgarcha | Т топ | zambarak |
| Katalancha | T torre | minora |
| Xitoycha | R 車 (jū) | izvosh |
| Chex tili | V věž | minora |
| Dan tili | T tårn | minora |
| Niderland tili | T toren / kasteel | minora / qasr |
| Inglizcha | R rook, qasr | |
| Esperanto | T turo | minora |
| Estoncha[6] | V vanker | izvosh / arava |
| Fincha | T torni | minora |
| Fransuzcha | T tour | minora |
| Galisiyaliklar tili | T torre | minora |
| Gruzincha | ე ეტლი (etli) | izvosh |
| Nemischa[7] | T Turm | minora |
| Yunoncha | Π πύργος (pýrgos) | minora |
| hindcha | H हाथी (hāthī) | fil |
| Ivritcha | צ צריח (Tzariach) | minora |
| Xausa | R sansanin | qalʼa |
| Vengercha | B bástya | qo‘rg‘on |
| Islandcha | H hrókur | rux |
| Ido | T turmo | minora |
| Indonez tili | B benteng | qasr / qalʼa |
| Slavyanlararo tili | Z zamok / věža | qasr / minora |
| Irlandcha | C caiseal | qal’a |
| Italyancha | T torre | minora |
| Yaponcha | R ルーク (rūku) | |
| Java tili | B bèntèng | qalʼa |
| Kannada tili | ಆ ಆನೆ (aane) | fil |
| Qozoqcha | Т тура (tura) | minora |
| Koreyscha | R 룩 (rug) | |
| Lotin tili | T turris / elephas | minora / fil |
| Latishcha | T tornis | minora |
| Litva tili | B bokštas | minora |
| Luxembourgish | T Tuerm | minora |
| Makedoncha | T топ | zambarak |
| Malayalam | R തേര് (therú) | izvosh |
| Marathi | H हत्ती (hātti) | fil |
| Mongol tili | т тэрэг (tereg) | izvosh |
| Norvegcha Bokmål | T tårn | minora |
| Norvegcha Nynorsk | T tårn | minora |
| Oriya | R ଡଙ୍ଗା (ḍôṅga) | kema |
| Oromo | ||
| Forscha | ق/ر قلعه/رخ | qasr |
| Polyakcha | W wieża | minora |
| Portugalcha | T torre | minora |
| Rumincha | T turn / tură | minora |
| Ruscha | Л ладья (xonima) | qayiq |
| Gel tili | T tùr | minora |
| Serb-xorvat tili | T top / kula (Т топ / кула) | zambarak / minora |
| Shimoliy Sotho | N Ntlosebô / Moshate | |
| Sitsiliancha | T turru | minora |
| Slovakcha | V veža | minora |
| Slovencha | T trdnjava | qasr |
| Ispancha | T torre | minora |
| Shved tili | T torn | minora |
| Tamilcha | R கோட்டை (kōṭṭai) | qasr |
| Telugu | ఏనుగు (ēnugu) | fil |
| Tay tili | ร เรือ (ruea) | kema |
| Turkcha | K kale | qasr |
| Ukraincha | T тура (tura) | minora |
| Urdu | رخ (rukh) | |
| Vyetnamcha | X xe | izvosh |
| Valliycha | C castell | qasr |
Manbalar
- ↑ „Rook - noun²“. The Oxford English Dictionary (2023-yil iyul). DOI:10.1093/OED/5381483047. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 18-mart.
- ↑ „Rocco“ (it). treccani.it. Treccani. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 18-mart.
- ↑ „Rocco“ (it). etimo.it. Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana. Qaraldi: 2024-yil 18-mart.
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. (online version, accessed Jan. 27, 2009), entry for "Castle", def. 9. "Chess. One of the pieces, made to represent a castle; also called a ROOK.". New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd ed. (2005) says that "castle" is informal and an "old-fashioned term for rook". The Oxford Companion to Chess, by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld, 2nd ed. (1992), p. 344 says "In English-speaking countries non-players sometimes call it a castle...". Let's Play Chess by Bruce Pandolfini (1986) p. 30, says "The rook is the piece mistakenly called the castle."; The Everything Chess Basics Book by Peter Kurzdorfer and the United States Chess Federation, Adams Media 2003, page 30, says "... often incorrectly referred to as a castle by the uninitiated".
- ↑ The Official Rules of Chess by Eric Schiller, The US Chess Federation Official Rules of Chess (five editions by various authors), Official Chess Handbook, by Kenneth Harkness, Official Chess Rulebook by Harkness, and The Official Laws of Chess by FIDE (two editions) all use only the term "rook". Books for beginners such as Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess, A World Champion's Guide to Chess by Susan Polgar, The Complete Book of Chess by I. A. Horowitz & P. L. Rothenberg, and Chess Fundamentals by José Capablanca (2006 revision by Nick de Firmian) also only mention "rook".
- ↑ Estonicha shaxmati atamalari Ado Grenzstein tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan..
- ↑ „Handbook“. www.fide.com. — „The pieces bear the names: Koenig, Dame, Turm, Laeufer, Springer, Bauer“. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 22-mart.
Qoʻshimcha oʻqish uchun
- Barden, Leonard (1980), Play Better Chess with Leonard Barden, Octopus Books Limited, p. 10, ISBN 0-7064-0967-1
- Brace, Edward R. (1977), "rook", An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Hamlyn Publishing Group, pp. 241–42, ISBN 1-55521-394-4
- Davidson, Henry (1981) [1949], A Short History of Chess (1981 paperback), McKay, ISBN 0-679-14550-8
- Lasker, Emanuel (1947), Lasker's Manual of Chess, David McKay Company, p. 8, ISBN 0-486-20640-8, OCLC 3636924
- Pandolfini, Bruce (1986), Let's Play Chess, Fireside, ISBN 0-671-61983-7
Havolalar
- Piececlopedia: Rook by Fergus Duniho and Hans Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages