Ubaydulloh ibn Abdulloh ibn Tohir
| Ubaydulloh ibn Abdulloh ibn Tohir | |
|---|---|
| Bagʻdod hokimi (birinchi bor) | |
|
Mansab davri 867 – 869 | |
| Hukmdor | [Muʼtazz]] |
| Oʻtmishdoshi | Muhammad ibn Abdulloh ibn Tohir |
| Vorisi | Sulaymon ibn Abdulloh ibn Tohir |
| Bagʻdod hokimi (ikkinchi bor) | |
| Hukmdor | [Muʼtamid]] |
| Vorisi | Muhammad ibn Tohir |
| Bagʻdod hokimi (uchinchi bor) | |
| Hukmdor | [Muʼtamid]] |
| Vorisi | hech kim |
| Shaxsiy maʼlumotlari | |
| Tavalludi | 838 |
| Vafoti |
913-yil may Bagʻdod, Abbosiylar xalifaligi |
| Bolalari | Ahmad ibn Ubaydulloh |
| Ota-onasi | Abdulloh ibn Tohir |
Abu Ahmad Ubaydulloh ibn Abdulloh ibn Tohir (arabcha: أبو أحمد عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن طاهر) (taxminan 838-yil – 913-yil may)[1] – IX asrda xizmat qilgan Tohiriylar davlati amaldori va harbiy xizmatchisi. 867—891-yillar oraligʻida Bagʻdod hokimi boʻlib xizmat qilgan[2], bunday yuqori mansabni egallagan soʻnggi yirik Tohiriylar vakili[3].
Faoliyati
Ubaydulloh 828—845-yillarda Xuroson hokimi boʻlib xizmat qilgan Abdulloh ibn Tohirning oʻgʻli edi. 865—866-yillarda kechgan fuqarolar urushi paytida Bagʻdodda boʻlgan, shahar qamali davomida harbiy lavozimda xizmat qilgan. Qamalga qarshi mudofaa ishlariga boshchilik qilgan hokim Muhammad ibn Abdulloh ibn Tohir qoʻl ostida xizmat boʻlgan. Urush tugagach, magʻlubiyatga uchragan xalifa al-Mustaʼinning (h. 862–866) muhr, rido va asosini gʻolib xalifa al-Muʼtazzga (h. 866–869) topshirish vazifasini bajargan[4].
867-yil noyabr oyida Muhammad vafot etgach, Ubaydulloh Bagʻdod hokimi lavozimi uchun voris etib tayinlandi va tez orada xalifa al-Mu’tazz ham uning bu lavozimda xizmat qilishini tasdiqladi. Dastlabki hokimlik yillarida 868-yilda qatl etilgan turk sarkardasi Bugʻa ash-Sharabiyning oʻgʻillarini topish va ularni hibsga olish uchun mas’ul boʻlgan. Biroq oradan koʻp oʻtmay, moliyaviy muammolarga duch kelib, shahar qoʻshinlariga maosh toʻlashda qiyinchilikka duch kelgan. Natijada, 869-yilda hokimlikni ukasi Sulaymon ibn Abdulloh ibn Tohirga topshirishga majbur boʻlgan[5].
879-yil oxirida Sulaymonning vafotidan soʻng, Ubaydulloh yana Bagʻdodda xavfsizlik boshligʻi (shurta) lavozimiga tayinlandi. Bu safar u markaziy hokimiyat tomonidan ushbu lavozimga tayinlangan Safforiylar sulolasi vakili Amr ibn al-Lays as-Safforning oʻrinbosari sifatida xizmat qilgan[4]. Bu lavozimda 885-yilgacha, yaʼni xalifalik siyosatining Safforiylarga nisbatan oʻzgarishi va Amrning rasman lavozimdan chetlatilishiga qadar faoliyat yuritgan boʻlishi mumkin[6]. 889-yil avgust oyida markaziy hokimiyat va Amr oʻrtasidagi munosabatlar yaxshilanganidan soʻng Ubaydalloh yana shurta boshligʻi lavozimiga qayta tiklandi. Biroq 891-yilda Abbosiylar shahzodasi Abu al-Abbos ibn al-Muvaffaq (boʻlajak xalifa al-Muʼtazid) bu lavozimga oʻzining xizmatkori al-Mutaʼzidiyni tayinladi[7].
Al-Mu’tadid hukmronligi davrida Ubaydalloh ogʻir ahvolga tushib qoldi va hayotining soʻnggi yillarida al-Muktafiy, Ibn al-Mu’tazz hamda Banu al-Furot sulolasi vakillari Ahmad va Ali kabi taniqli shaxslardan moliyaviy yordam olishga majbur boʻlgan[8].
Ubaydulloh ibn Abdulloh ibn Tohir 913-yil may oyida Bagʻdodda vafot etgan[1].
Manbalar
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Ibn Khallikan 1843.
- ↑ Bosworth 1982.
- ↑ The dates of his governorships used here are derived from Bosworth 1996, s. 168, supplemented by Al-Tabari 1985–2007, v. 35: pp-149-50; v. 36: pp. 13-15; v. 37: pp. 1, 2, 147, 160, 168. Hamzah al-Isfahani 1844, ss. 181–184, however, provides contradictory information, mentioning a first governorship of unspecified date, a second governorship lasting from 873 (when Muhammad ibn Tahir was captured by Yaʼqub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar) to 876 (when Muhammad was freed following the Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul), and a third governorship commencing in 879. Hamzah al-Isfahani’s dates are at times used by modern authors, e.g. Guest 1944, s. 14, and Bosworth 1982, s. 72 acknowledges the chronological issues, commenting that Ubaydallah was „three or possibly four times governor of Baghdad.“
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Al-Tabari 1985–2007.
- ↑ Al-Tabari 1985–2007, v. 36: pp. 13-15; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, s. 613. Before resigning the governorship, he emptied the treasuries and collected taxes on immature crops, leaving Sulayman with a major shortage of funds. Ubaydallah is subsequently mentioned in the year 874 by al-Tabari, v. 36: p. 163, as being ordered by the central government to read a statement to pilgrims from several provinces that were present in Baghdad, declaring that Yaqub ibn al-Layth was not the legitimate governor of Khurasan. This account, which suggests that Ubaydallah was in a position of authority in Baghdad, might accord with Hamzah al-Isfahani 1844, s. 182, who claims that he was actually governor of the city at the time.
- ↑ Al-Tabari 1985–2007, v. 37: p. 147; Muhammad ibn Tahir was invested with the governorship of Khurasan on this occasion, but al-Tabari is silent on whether or not he received the governorship of Baghdad as well. In that same year, however, al-Husayn ibn Isma'il is mentioned as being Muhammad's sahib al-shurtah in Baghdad; v. 37: p. 148. Ubaydallah was likely still governor in 882-883, when his son was acting as his deputy in Baghdad; v. 37: p. 81, and Guest 1944, ss. 14, 79.
- ↑ Al-Tabari 1985–2007, v. 37: pp. 160-61, 168. Badr's appointment represents the latest date that Ubaydallah could have lost his office. Al-Tabari mentions that in February 890, Ubaydallah's patron 'Amr suffered another reversal in his relations with the central government, and that "orders were issued to remove the poles, flags and shields" bearing his name from the headquarters of the shurtah. He does not specify if Ubaydallah was dismissed at this point.
- ↑ Bosworth 1982, ss. 74–75; Guest 1944, s. 29
Adabiyotlar
- Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3). Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 1994. ISBN 1-56859-015-6.
- Bosworth, Clifford Edmund „The Tahirids and Arabic Culture“, . Medieval Arabic culture and administration. London: Variorum Reprints, 1982 — 45–79-bet. ISBN 0-86078-113-5.
- Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. The New Islamic Dynasties. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-231-10714-5.
- Guest, Rhuvon. Life and Works of Ibn Er Rumi. London: Luzac & Co., 1944.
- Hamzah al-Isfahani, Ibn al-Hasan. Hamzae Ispahanensis Annalium, Libri X. Leipzig: Leopold Voss, 1844.
- Ibn Khallikan, Shams al-Din Abu al-'Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad. Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Vol. II, Trans. Baron Mac Guckin de Slane, Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1843.
- Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir. The History of Al-Ṭabarī.. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1985–2007.
- Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abu Ya'qub. Historiae, Vol. 2. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1883.