Qutayla binti al-Horis

Qutayla binti al-Horis
Asl ismi	قُتيلة أخت النضر
Tavalludi	VII asr; Arabiston
Vafoti	VII asr
Kasbi	Shoira
Ijod qilgan tillari	Arab tili
Fuqaroligi	Arab
Tanlangan asarlari	Nazr ibn al-Horis uchun marsiya

Qutayla binti al-Horis (arabcha: قُتيلة أخت النضر‎‎) yoki Qutayla uxtun an-Nazr Quraysh qabilasiga mansub boʻlib, milodiy VII asrda yashagan arab ayoli, Nadr ibn al-Horis uchun yozgan mashhur marsiyasi tufayli arab tilida ijod qilgan eng ilk shoira sifatida qayd etiladi.

Hayoti

Qutayla tarixiy manbalarda qarindoshi Nazr ibn al-Horis bilan bogʻliq holda tilga olinadi. U Toifdan boʻlgan arab mushrik tabib boʻlib, arablarga Rustam va Isfandiyor haqidagi rivoyatlarni soʻzlab berar, islom paygʻambari Muhammadni masxara qilardi^[1]^[2]. 624-yilda boʻlib oʻtgan Badr jangidan keyin al-Horis asir olingan va qasos tariqasida paygʻambar Muhammad uni Alining qoʻli bilan qatl ettirishni buyurgan^[3]^[4]^[5]. Ayrim manbalarda Qutayla Nazrning singlisi (uxtun) deb qayt etiladi, boshqalarida esa uning qizi (binti) sifatida taʼriflangan. Biroq eng keng tarqalgan daʼvoga koʻra, Qutayla a-Nazrning singlisi boʻlgan^[6]. Uning toʻliq ismi ayrim manbalarda Qutayla uxtun an-Nazr ibn al-Horis ibn Alqama ibn Kalda ibn Abdumanaf ibn Abduddor ibn Qusayy al-Qurashiyya al-Abdoriyya tarzida keltiriladi^[7]. Shuningdek, oʻrta asr manbalaridan biri hisoblanmish al-Johizning „Kitob al-Bayon va-t-tabyin“ asarida u aslida Laylo deb atalgan, degan rivoyat ham uchraydi^[8].

Ijodi

Nazr uchun yozilgan bir marsiya Qutaylaga nisbat beriladi. Unda Qutayla paygʻambar Muhammadni NAzrni qatl qilgani uchun malomat qilgan^[9]. Baʼzi sharhlarga koʻra, paygʻambar Muhammad bunga javoban: „Agar uni oʻldirishimdan oldin uning baytlarini eshitganimda edi, bunday qilmagan boʻlardim“, degan^[10].

Manbalar

↑ Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 2, Part 2, p.179, Irfan Shahîd. Also see footnote
↑ Husayn Haykal, Muhammad. The Life of Muhammad. Selangor: Islamic Book Trust, 2008 — 250-bet. ISBN 978-983-9154-17-7.
↑ The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Vol. VII, 1993, p. 872
↑ "Sirat Rasul Allah" by Ibn Ishaq, p.135-136
↑ Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman. The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an, 2, MSA Publication Limited, 2009 — 412-bet. ISBN 978-1-86179-769-8. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 26-fevral.
↑ Sarah Bowen Savant, The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory and Conversion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 176.
↑ Zaynab Fawwāz, Kitāb al-Durr al-Manthūr fī Ṭabaqāt Rabbāt al-Khuduūr (Būlāq: ʼal-Maṭbaʼah ʼal-Kubrá ʼal-ʼAmīrīyah, 1312 [1894]), as corrected by Marilyn Booth, Classes of Ladies of Cloistered Spaces: Writing Feminist History through Biography in Fin-de-Siècle Egypt (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015), Appendix 2. Booth changes Fawwāz’s bint 'daughter' to ukht 'sister'.
↑ iv, 44: Ch. Pellat, 'al-Naḍr b. al-Ḥārith', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, ed. by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, and W. P. Heinrichs (Leiden: Brill, 1954-2009), VII 873, https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5730.
↑ Classical Arabic Poetry, trans. by Charles Greville Tuety (London: KPI, 1985), p. 121 [no. 20]. For another translation, implying a rather different text, see The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat Rasūl Allāh"", trans. by A. Guillaume (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955), p. 360, https://archive.org/details/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume.
↑ E.g. Ibn Khallikanʼs Biographical Dictionary, trans. by Bn Mac Guckin de Slane, Oriental Translation Fund (Series), 57, 4 vols (Paris: Printed for the Oriental translation fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1842-71), I 372; Muslim Exegesis of the Bible in Medieval Cairo: Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī's (d. 716/1316) Commentary on the Christian Scriptures, ed. and trans. by Lejla Demiri (Leiden: Brill, 2013), p. 479 (§ 522).

[1] Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 2, Part 2, p.179, Irfan Shahîd. Also see footnote

[2] Husayn Haykal, Muhammad. The Life of Muhammad. Selangor: Islamic Book Trust, 2008 — 250-bet. ISBN 978-983-9154-17-7.

[3] The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Vol. VII, 1993, p. 872

[4] "Sirat Rasul Allah" by Ibn Ishaq, p.135-136

[Abdul-Rahman2009-5] Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman. The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an, 2, MSA Publication Limited, 2009 — 412-bet. ISBN 978-1-86179-769-8. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 26-fevral.

[6] Sarah Bowen Savant, The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory and Conversion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 176.

[7] Zaynab Fawwāz, Kitāb al-Durr al-Manthūr fī Ṭabaqāt Rabbāt al-Khuduūr (Būlāq: ʼal-Maṭbaʼah ʼal-Kubrá ʼal-ʼAmīrīyah, 1312 [1894]), as corrected by Marilyn Booth, Classes of Ladies of Cloistered Spaces: Writing Feminist History through Biography in Fin-de-Siècle Egypt (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015), Appendix 2. Booth changes Fawwāz’s bint 'daughter' to ukht 'sister'.

[8] v, 44: Ch. Pellat, 'al-Naḍr b. al-Ḥārith', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, ed. by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, and W. P. Heinrichs (Leiden: Brill, 1954-2009), VII 873, https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5730.

[9] Classical Arabic Poetry, trans. by Charles Greville Tuety (London: KPI, 1985), p. 121 [no. 20]. For another translation, implying a rather different text, see The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat Rasūl Allāh"", trans. by A. Guillaume (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955), p. 360, https://archive.org/details/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume.

[10] E.g. Ibn Khallikanʼs Biographical Dictionary, trans. by Bn Mac Guckin de Slane, Oriental Translation Fund (Series), 57, 4 vols (Paris: Printed for the Oriental translation fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1842-71), I 372; Muslim Exegesis of the Bible in Medieval Cairo: Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī's (d. 716/1316) Commentary on the Christian Scriptures, ed. and trans. by Lejla Demiri (Leiden: Brill, 2013), p. 479 (§ 522).

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