Umaviylar masjidi (Mosul)

Umaviylar masjidi (Mosul)
	Masjid
	Umaviylar masjidi (Mosul)

Mosul Umaviylar masjidi (arabcha: الجامع الأموي‎‎), Al-Atiq masjidi (arabcha: الجامع العتيق‎‎) nomi bilan ham tanilgan^[1], Iroqning Mosul shahridagi katta tarixiy masjid. Dastlab VII asrda bunyod etilgan. 1810-yilda buzib tashlangan, shundan soʻng buzilgan joyning bir qismida hozirgi Al-Masfiy masjidi (arabcha: جامع المُصَفِّي‎‎) qurilgan. Bu masjid ham hanuzgacha Umaviylar masjidi nomi bilan mashhur^[2]^[3].

Tarixi

Mosulga taxminan 637-yilda^[4] yoki milodiy 640-yil–641-yillarda^[5] ilk musulmon arablar tomonidan asos solingan. Oʻrta asr arab manbalariga koʻra, xalifa Umar tomonidan musulmon qoʻshiniga boshliq qilib tayinlangan Arfaja al-Barikiy^[6] shaharni misr (harbiy lager) sifatida tashkil etgan va uning ichida jome masjid qurdirgan^[6]^[7]^(p289). Shahar Umaviy xalifa Marvon II (h. 744–750) davrida yanada rivojlantirilgan boʻlib, ayrim manbalar masjidga ham aynan u asos solgan degan maʼlumotlarni keltiriladi^[8]^[6].

Masjid bir necha bor taʼmirlanib va kengaytirilib, katta maydonni egallagan; ehtimol, sharqdan gʻarbga 110 metr (360 ft) boʻlgan^[7].^(p289) Katta qayta taʼmirlashlardan biri 1148-yilda Sayf ad-Din Gʻoziy tomonidan buyurtma qilingan boʻlib, oʻsha paytda uning atrofida bir nechta madrasa va boshqa diniy muassasalar qoʻshilgan^[7].^(p299) Xuddi shu asrning keyinroq davrida yangi jome masjid — an-Nuriy masjidi — bunyod etilgach, eski „Umaviylar masjidi“ning ahamiyati pasayib, eʼtiborsiz qolgan, biroq uning yaqinida muhim qabriston shakllangan^[7].^(p292)

Yomon ahvoldagi Umaviylar masjidi oxir-oqibat 1810-yilda buzib tashlangan^[7].^(p289) Bino qismlaridan saqlanib qolgan deb hisoblanadigan yagona narsa — an-Nuriy masjidi ichidagi bezakli mihrab boʻlib, ehtimol, buzish vaqtida yoki atrofida u binoga koʻchirib oʻtkazilgan^[9]^[10]^[7]^(p101) Sobiq Umaviylar masjidi oʻrnida keyinchalik hozirgi kichikroq al-Masfi masjidi qurilgan^[7],^(p289) uni Muhammad Musaffiy az-Zahab (arabcha: محمد مُصَفِّي الذهب‎‎) asos solgan^[8]^[11]. Masjidda al-Kavazin minorasi deb atalgan minora boʻlgan^[4].

Al-Masfi masjidi Mosuldan IShIDni haydab chiqarish uchun boʻlib oʻtgan 2017-yilgi jang vaqtida qattiq shikastlangan. Keyinchalik bino merosni asrashga bagʻishlangan xalqaro tashkilot — Aliph tomonidan restavratsiya qilingan. Unda 2021-yildan yana namoz oʻqila boshlangan va u 2024-yil mart oyida rasman qayta ochilgan^[2]^[3]

Al-Masfi masjidi (2024-yilgi restavratsiyadan keyin)
Hozirgi al-Masfi masjidining tashqi koʻrinishi
Al-Masfi masjidining ichki koʻrinishi

Manbalar

↑ Al-Mosuli, Sulaiman Saigh. History of Mosul (ar). ktab INC., 1923.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Aldroubi, Mina; Mahmoud, Sinan „Al Masfi: Mosul's oldest mosque reopens nearly a decade after ISIS occupation“ (en). The National (2024-yil 7-mart). Qaraldi: 2025-yil 11-oktyabr.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 „Restoration of Al Masfi Mosque in Mosul“ (en). Aliph Foundation. Qaraldi: 2025-yil 11-oktyabr.
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 Yusuf, Sharif. المدخل التاريخي لتاريخ العمارة العربية وتطورها (ar). Al Manhal, 2020 — 38-bet. ISBN 9796500428611.
↑ Nováček, Karel „Mosul architecture“, . Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three (en). Brill, 2021. ISBN 9789004161658.
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 ^6,2 Honigmann, E.; Bosworth, C.E.; Sluglett, P. (1991). "al-Mawṣil". in Bosworth, C. E.. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid (2nd nashri). Leiden: E. J. Brill. 899-902 b. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/search?s.q=al-Maw%E1%B9%A3il&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&search-go=Search.
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 ^7,2 ^7,3 ^7,4 ^7,5 ^7,6 Nováček, Karel; Melčák, Miroslav; Beránek, Ondřej; Starková, Lenka. Mosul after Islamic State: The Quest for Lost Architectural Heritage (en). Springer Nature, 2021. ISBN 978-3-030-62636-5.
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 Francis, Bashir Youssef. موسوعة المدن والمواقع في العراق - الجزء الأول (ar). E-Kutub Ltd — 237-bet. ISBN 978-1-78058-262-7.
↑ Tabbaa, Yasser (1994). "The Transformation of Arabic Writing: Part 2, the Public Text". Ars Orientalis 24: 134. ISSN 0571-1371. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4629463.
↑ Tabbaa, Yasser. The Transformation of Islamic Art during the Sunni Revival (en). University of Washington Press, 2011 — 181 (see note 38)-bet. ISBN 978-0-295-80393-7.
↑ Siouffi, Nicolas. مجموع الكتابات المحررة في ابنية مدينة الموصل (ar). Maṭbaʻat Shafīq, 1956.

[1] Al-Mosuli, Sulaiman Saigh. History of Mosul (ar). ktab INC., 1923.

[:1-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Aldroubi, Mina; Mahmoud, Sinan „Al Masfi: Mosul's oldest mosque reopens nearly a decade after ISIS occupation“ (en). The National (2024-yil 7-mart). Qaraldi: 2025-yil 11-oktyabr.

[:2-3] 3,0 ^3,1 „Restoration of Al Masfi Mosque in Mosul“ (en). Aliph Foundation. Qaraldi: 2025-yil 11-oktyabr.

[:3-4] 4,0 ^4,1 Yusuf, Sharif. المدخل التاريخي لتاريخ العمارة العربية وتطورها (ar). Al Manhal, 2020 — 38-bet. ISBN 9796500428611.

[:0522-5] Nováček, Karel „Mosul architecture“, . Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three (en). Brill, 2021. ISBN 9789004161658.

[:0523-6] 6,0 ^6,1 ^6,2 Honigmann, E.; Bosworth, C.E.; Sluglett, P. (1991). "al-Mawṣil". in Bosworth, C. E.. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid (2nd nashri). Leiden: E. J. Brill. 899-902 b. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/search?s.q=al-Maw%E1%B9%A3il&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&search-go=Search.

[:0-7] 7,0 ^7,1 ^7,2 ^7,3 ^7,4 ^7,5 ^7,6 Nováček, Karel; Melčák, Miroslav; Beránek, Ondřej; Starková, Lenka. Mosul after Islamic State: The Quest for Lost Architectural Heritage (en). Springer Nature, 2021. ISBN 978-3-030-62636-5.

[:4-8] 8,0 ^8,1 Francis, Bashir Youssef. موسوعة المدن والمواقع في العراق - الجزء الأول (ar). E-Kutub Ltd — 237-bet. ISBN 978-1-78058-262-7.

[9] Tabbaa, Yasser (1994). "The Transformation of Arabic Writing: Part 2, the Public Text". Ars Orientalis 24: 134. ISSN 0571-1371. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4629463.

[10] Tabbaa, Yasser. The Transformation of Islamic Art during the Sunni Revival (en). University of Washington Press, 2011 — 181 (see note 38)-bet. ISBN 978-0-295-80393-7.

[11] Siouffi, Nicolas. مجموع الكتابات المحررة في ابنية مدينة الموصل (ar). Maṭbaʻat Shafīq, 1956.

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