Hammudiylar sulolasi
Hammudiylar sulolasi (arabcha: بنو حمود) qisqa muddatga arab musulmon[1][2] oilasi boʻlib, Kordova xalifaligini[3][4] va Málaga hamda Aljisir taifalarini, shuningdek, Seutada nominal nazoratni boshqargan[1].
Sulola
Sulola oʻz ajdodi Hammud nomi bilan ataladi, u Idris ibn Abdullohning avlodi boʻlib, Idrisiylar sulolasi asoschisi va Hasanning, yaʼni Fotima va Alining oʻgʻli va islom paygʻambari Muhammadning avlodi edi[5]. Sulaymon ibn al-Hakam oʻzining barbar ittifoqchilari uchun Andalus yerlaridan ulush ajratib berganida, Hammudiylar oilasining ikki aʼzosiga Algeciras, Seuta va Tanjer hokimligi berildi. Shu tariqa hammudiylar Gibraltar boʻgʻozi orqali oʻtuvchi qatnovni nazorat qila boshladilar va birdan kuchli kuchga aylanishdi. Taxtdan agʻdarilgan Hishom II nomidan ish koʻrayotganini daʼvo qilgan Seuta hokimi Ali ibn Hammud an-Nosir 1016-yilda Kordovaga yurish qilib, u yerda xalifa sifatida toj kiydi.
1056-yilda oxirgi hammudiy xalifa taxtdan agʻdarildi va Malagani oʻzlarining eng muhim tarafdorlari boʻlgan Granadadagi Ziridlarga boy berdi[6]. Shundan keyin Hammudiylar oilasi Seutada istiqomat qilishga majbur boʻldi.
Manbalar
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Viguera-Molins 2010, ss. 26–27.
- ↑ Bosworth 2004, s. 15.
- ↑ Lane-Poole (1894), p.21
- ↑ Altamira, Rafael „Il califfato occidentale“, . Storia del mondo medievale, 1999 — 477–515-bet.
- ↑ Hammudids, A. Huici Miranda, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. III, ed. B. Lewis, V. L. Menage, C. Pellat and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 147;"HAMMUDIDS, dynasty which reigned over various towns in Muslim Spain from 407/1016 till 450/1058. Sulayman al-Mustaʼm [q.v.], on his second succession to the caliphal throne in Shawwal 4O3/ May 1013, had to distribute large fiefs among the Berbers who had raised him to power. He allotted to 'Ali b. Hammud the governorship of Ceuta and to his brother al-Kasim that of Algeciras, Tangier, and Arzila. The two were genuine Idrisids [q.v.], their great-grandfather Hammud being the great-grandson of Idris II."
- ↑ Collins 2012, s. 203.
Adabiyotlar
- Scales, Peter. The Fall of the Caliphate of Cordoba: Berbers and Andalusis in Conflict. BRILL, 1994 — 38–109 & 142–182-bet. ISBN 9789004098688.
- Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press, 2004 — 14–16-bet. ISBN 9780748621378. „..or were Berberised Arabs like the Hammudids...“
- Lane-Poole, Stanley. The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historicals Introductions. Constable, 1894 — 23–25-bet. ISBN 9781402166662.
- Viguera-Molins, María „Al-Andalus and the Maghrib (from the fifth/eleventh century to the fall of the Almoravids)“, . The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 2: The Western Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010 — 19–47-bet. ISBN 978-0-521-83957-0. „To this list we might add the enclave of the Berberised Arab Hammudids...“
- Collins, Roger. Caliphs and Kings: Spain 796-1031. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. ISBN 9781118273999.
| Oldingisi | Kordova xalifalari 1016–1023 1025–1027 |
Keyingisi Umaviylar sulolasi
(tiklangan) |
| Yangi daraja | Málaga taifasi podshohlari 1026–1057 | |
| Yangi daraja | Seuta taifasi podshohlari 1009–1055 | |
| Yangi daraja | Aljisir taifasi podshohlari 1039–1058 |