Vipassī
| Vipassī | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Hindiston muzeyidagi Bharhut stupasidan Vipassi va patali daraxti, Kalkotta. | |
| Maʼlumotnoma | |
| Sanskrit |
विपश्यिन् Vipaśyin Budda |
| Pali | Vipassī Buddha |
| Birmacha | ဝိပဿီဘုရား |
| Xitoycha |
毗婆尸佛 (Pinyin: Pípóshī Fó) |
| Yaponcha |
(Bibashi Bosatsu) |
| Koreyscha |
비파시불 (Bipasi Bul) |
| Singalcha |
විපස්සී බුදුන් වහන්සේ Vipassi Budun Vahanse |
| Taycha |
พระวิปัสสีพุทธเจ้า Phra Vipatsi Phutthachao |
| Tibetcha |
རྣམ་གཟིགས་ Vaylie: rnam gzigs |
| Vyetnamcha | Phật Tỳ Bà Thi |
| Hurmat koʻrsatilishi | Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana |
| Atributlari | Sof Budda[manba kerak] |
 Buddizm |
|---|
| Madaniyati |
| Tarixi |
| Buddistlar |
| Maktablar |
| Ibodatxonalar |
| Matnlar |
| Portal |
Buddist an’analariga ko‘ra, Vipassī (Pāli) — Buddhavaṃsa asarining 27-bobida tasvirlangan yigirma sakkiz Buddaning yigirma ikkinchisidir[1]. Buddhavaṃsa — Gautama Budda hayoti va undan oldingi yigirma yetti Buddaning hayotini tasvirlovchi buddist matnidir. U Xuddaka Nikāyaning o‘n to‘rtinchi kitobi bo‘lib, bu esa o‘z navbatida Sutta Piṭaka tarkibiga kiradi. Sutta Piṭaka esa uchta asosiy bo‘lim — pitakalardan biri bo‘lib, ular birgalikda Theravada buddizmning Tripiṭaka yoki Pāli kanonini tashkil etadi[2].
Bezakli kalpaning oxirgi uch Buddasidan biri bo‘lgan Vipassī, Phussa Buddadan keyin kelgan va Sixī Buddadan oldin yashagan[3].
Etimologiyasi
Pali tilidagi Vipassī so‘zi sanskrit tilida Vipaśyin shaklida uchraydi. Vi (yaxshi) va passī (ko‘rgan) qo‘shilib “ravshan ko‘ruvchi” degan ma’noni beradi. Bu so‘z vipassanā (tafakkur) termini bilan bir oilaga mansub. Buddaga bu ism berilgan, chunki u narsalarni qanday bo‘lsa shunday holda kuzatish yo‘lini kashf etgan. U insoniyat uchun nafas olish va tana sezgilarini ongli ravishda, hukmsiz kuzatish orqali hozirgi onni boshdan kechirish yo‘lini ochib bergan. Bunday ichki kuzatuvlar o‘z-o‘zini chuqur tushunishga yordam beradi va narsalarni xayolimizdagidek emas, aynan qanday bo‘lsa, shunday ko‘rishni o‘rgatadi, hatto eng murakkab holatlarning tugunini yechishga imkon beradi.
Hayoti
Buddhavaṃsaga, shuningdek buddist afsonalari va buddist mifologiyasiga ko‘ra, Vipassī hozirgi zamondan 91 kalpa (juda ko‘p milliardlab yillar) oldin yashagan[4][5]. Vipassī davrida odamlarning umr davomiyligi 84,000 yil bo‘lgan deb aytiladi[manba kerak].
Vipassī Hindistondagi Xema bog‘idagi Bandhumatī shahrida tug‘ilgan[6]. Uning otasi Bandhumā jangchi-rahbar, onasi esa Bandhumatī bo‘lgan. Uning rafiqasi Sutanu, o‘g‘li esa Samavattakxandha edi[6].
Vipassī 8,000 yil davomida uyda qolgan va Nanda, Sunanda hamda Sirimā saroylarida yashagan. U dunyoviy hayotdan voz kechgach, aravada saroyni tark etgan[6]. Vipassī sakkiz oy davomida zuhd bilan shug‘ullangan va nihoyat Ajapāla nigrodha daraxti ostida ma'rifatga erishgan[5]. Buddalik darajasiga erishishidan oldin, u Sudassana-setxining qizi tomonidan berilgan sutli guruchni va Sujâta ismli qo‘riqchi bergan o‘t-o‘lanlarni yeb kun kechirgan.
Manbalarga ko‘ra, Vipassīning umr davomiyligi turlicha: u 80,000[6] yoki 100,000 yil[5] yashagan deb aytiladi. Uning tana qoldiqlari taxminan 56 mil (taxminan 90 km) balandlikdagi yetti yojanali stupada saqlangan[6].
Jismoniy xususiyatlari
Vipassīning bo‘yi 80 kubit (taxminan 121 fut yoki 37 metr) bo‘lgan va uning badanidan chiqqan nur yetti yojanagacha yoyilgan[6].
Ta’limoti
Vipassī birinchi va’zini Xamamigadâyada 6,800,000 shogirdga, ikkinchisini 100,000 shogirdga va uchinchisini 80,000 shogirdga o‘qigan[5].
Uning ikki asosiy erkak shogirdi Xanda va Tissa, ikki asosiy ayol shogirdi esa Candâ va Candamittâ bo‘lgan. Asoka esa uning shaxsiy yordamchisi bo‘lgan. Eng yaxshi hamkorlar orasida Punabbasummitta va Naga (oddiy erkaklar orasida), Sirimâ va Uttarâ (oddiy ayollar orasida) bo‘lgan. Mendaki (o‘sha vaqtda Avaroja deb atalgan) uning uchun Gandhakuti (xushbo‘y pavilyon) qurib bergan. U har yetti yilda bir uposatha ado etgan va sangha intizomni mukammal bajargan.
Yana qarang
- Buddist kosmologiyasi
- Buddizm atamalarining lug‘ati
Manbalar
- ↑ „XXVII: List of the Buddhas“, The Buddhavamsa. London: Pali Text Society, 1882 — 66–7-bet.
- ↑ Lancaster, LR „Buddhist books and texts: canon and canonization“, . Encyclopedia of religion, 2nd, New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005 — 1252-bet. ISBN 978 00-286-5733-2.
- ↑ Buddhist Text Translation Society. „The Sixth Patriarchs Dharma Jewel Platform Sutra“. The Collected Lectures of Tripitaka Master Hsuan Hua. Ukiah, California: Dharma Realm Buddhist Association (2007). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 25-mart.
- ↑ Beal, S „Chapter III: Exciting to religious sentiment“, . The romantic legend of Sâkya Buddha: from the Chinese-Sanscrit. London: Trubner & Company, Ludgate Hill, 1875 — 10–17-bet.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 Davids, TWR; Davids, R „The successive bodhisats in the times of the previous Buddhas“, . Buddhist birth-stories; Jataka tales. The commentarial introduction entitled Nidana-Katha; the story of the lineage. London: George Routledge & Sons, 1878 — 115–44-bet.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 Horner, IB „The nineteenth chronicle: that of the Lord Vipassin“, . The Minor Anthologies Of The Pali Canon: Part III: Chronicle Of Buddhas (Buddhavamsa) and Basket Of Conduct (Cariyapitaka). Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1975 — 74–7-bet. ISBN 086013072X.