Qoralama:Afroaves

Afroaves — qushlarning kladi boʻlib, unga zumrad qushsimonlar va ularga yaqin qushlar (Coraciiformes), qizilishtonsimonlar va ularga yaqin qushlar (Piciformes), shoxtumshuqsimonlar va ularga yaqin qushlar (Bucerotiformes), trogonlar (Trogoniformes), kukushkasimon zogʻchalar (Leptosomiformes), sichqonqushlar (Coliiformes), boyoʻgʻlilar (Strigiformes) va yirtqich qushlar (Accipitriformes) kiradi.^[1]^[2] Guruhning qolgan qismiga nisbatan opa-singil klad hosil qiluvchi boyoʻgʻlilar va yirtqich qushlar yirtqichlik bilan kun kechiradi. Bu Afroaves guruhining soʻnggi umumiy ajdodi yirtqich qush boʻlgan boʻlishi mumkinligidan dalolat beradi.^[2] Ushbu guruh 2022-yilda Jorj Sangster va uning hamkasblari tomonidan PhyloCodeda quyidagicha taʼriflangan: „Accipiter nisus, Colius colius va Picus viridisni oʻz ichiga olgan, biroq Passer domesticusni oʻz ichiga olmagan eng kichik hajmli toj klad“.^[3]

Manbalar

↑ Ericson, P.G. (2012). "Evolution of terrestrial birds in three continents: biogeography and parallel radiations". Journal of Biogeography 39 (5): 813–824. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02650.x. http://www.nrm.se/download/18.9ff3752132fdaeccb6800037316/1367705204607/Ericson+Gondwana+JBI+2012.pdf. Qaraldi: 2014-10-09. Qoralama Afroaves]]
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; Li, B.; Houde, P.; Li, C.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Faircloth, B. C. et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science 346 (6215): 1320–1331. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMID 25504713. PMC 4405904. https://pgl.soe.ucsc.edu/jarvis14.pdf. Qaraldi: 2015-08-29. Qoralama Afroaves]]
↑ Sangster, George; Braun, Edward L.; Johansson, Ulf S.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Mayr, Gerald; Suh, Alexander (2022-01-01). "Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds". Avian Research 13. doi:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027. ISSN 2053-7166. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/84494/1/1_s2.0_S2053716622000238_main.pdf.

[ericson2012-1] Ericson, P.G. (2012). "Evolution of terrestrial birds in three continents: biogeography and parallel radiations". Journal of Biogeography 39 (5): 813–824. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02650.x. http://www.nrm.se/download/18.9ff3752132fdaeccb6800037316/1367705204607/Ericson+Gondwana+JBI+2012.pdf. Qaraldi: 2014-10-09. Qoralama Afroaves]]

[Jarvis2014-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; Li, B.; Houde, P.; Li, C.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Faircloth, B. C. et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science 346 (6215): 1320–1331. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMID 25504713. PMC 4405904. https://pgl.soe.ucsc.edu/jarvis14.pdf. Qaraldi: 2015-08-29. Qoralama Afroaves]]

[sanster-2023-3] Sangster, George; Braun, Edward L.; Johansson, Ulf S.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Mayr, Gerald; Suh, Alexander (2022-01-01). "Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds". Avian Research 13. doi:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027. ISSN 2053-7166. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/84494/1/1_s2.0_S2053716622000238_main.pdf.

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