Oltin zanjir hadisi (Hadis as-Silsilat az-Zahab)
Al-Silsilah al-Dhahab hadisi (حدیث سلسلة الذهب (arab tili)) (Oltin Zanjir Hadisi) — bu hadis Ali ar-Ridhadan, Sakkizinchi Imomdan rivoyat qilingan hadisdir[1]. „Zanjir“ Muhammaddan boshlab har bir Imomga uzatilgan ruhiy hokimiyatning uzluksizligini bildiradi[2]. Imomlar hadisni rivoyat qiluvchilar sifatida Muhammadning taʼlimotini keyingi avlodlarga yetkazadi[3]. Shu sababli, Oltin Zanjir Hadisi shialar uchun eng ishonchli va toʻgʻri hadislar qatorida hisoblanadi[4].
Hadis shialar uchun muhim, chunki u shuni bildiradi: bir tomondan, tavhid eʼtiqod qiluvchilarni „Allohning qal’asi“ga olib boradi, ikkinchi tomondan, Imomat ushbu qal’aga kirishning asosiy sharti hisoblanadi[5].
Tarixi
Rivoyatga koʻra, Neyshabur shahriga Ali ar-Ridha kelishini kutib minglab odamlar yigʻilganda, baʼzi olimlar undan hadis rivoyat qilishni soʻragan[6]. Baʼzi shia olimlariga koʻra, bu hodisani yigirma (yoki oʻn yoki oʻttiz) ming kishi rivoyat qilgan, lekin faqat ellik rivoyat saqlanib qolgan[7].
Oltin Zanjir Hadisi rivoyat zanjiri Muhammadga oila a'zolarii orqali yetib borgan. Shuning uchun u „Oltin Zanjir Hadisi“ deb ataladi[3][8].
Muhim shia hadis toʻplamlari: Al-Tavhid, Maʼani al-Akhbar, Oyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha (Ibn Babawayh) va Al-Amali (Shayx Tusi)[9].
Rasmlar
Hadis matni
Ali ar-Ridha Neyshaburga kirayotganda hadis rivoyat qilgan. Qadimgi manbalar matnida kichik farqlar mavjud[8].
Olimlar hadisni soʻrashganida, u Al-Silsilah al-Dhahabni rivoyat qilgan. Rivoyatlarda zanjir shunday: Muhammad → Ali ibn Abi Talib → Husayn ibn Ali → Ali ibn Husayn → Muhammad ibn Ali → Jaʼfar ibn Muhammad → Musa ibn Jaʼfar → Ali ar-Ridha[10].
Shia rivoyatlari
- Ahsan al-Maqaal
- Maʼani al-Akhbar, Oyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha, Al-Tawhid
- Al-Amali (Shayx Tusi)
Sunni rivoyatlari
Baʼzi sunni olimlari ham hadisni rivoyat qilgan, ammo ularning rivoyatlari 50 tagacha saqlangan[7].
Qal’aga oid rivoyat
Oltin Zanjir Hadisining sunni rivoyatlarida „Qal’a rivoyati“ deb nomlanuvchi matn mavjud. Rivoyatlar ayrim olimlar tomonidan tasdiqlangan yoki ishonchsiz deb topilgan[7].
Hadis terminologiyasida Al-Silsilah al-Dhahab
- Qudsi hadis
- Mutawatir
- Musalsal
- Musnad
Hadis rivoyat zanjiri Ahl al-Bayt orqali Ali ar-Ridha ga yetadi, shuning uchun „Oltin Zanjir“ deb ataladi[8].
Manbalar
- ↑ Abdul Aziz Abdulhussein Sachedina (1998). The Just Ruler in Shi’ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the jurist in Islamic Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19535-329-7. Pages 58-60.
- ↑ Mohammad Ali Sabzvari. Translated by Mohammad H. Faghfoory (2007). Tuhfah Yi-Abbasi: Shi’a Islomida Sufizmning Oltin Zanjiri. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-76183-801-2. Page v-xiii.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Liyakat N. Takin (2006). The Heirs of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Shia Islam. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-79148-191-2. Page 69.
- ↑ Abdul Hadi Al-Fadhli (2011). Introduction to Hadith, 2nd ed. ICAS Press, The Islamic College. ISBN 978-1-90406-347-6. Page 64.
- ↑ Ghasem Tarkhan (2011). The relationship between guardianship and monotheism. Ghabasat, 62. Archived from original on 2014-07-19.
- ↑ Michael Cooperson (2000). Classical Arabic Biography: The Heirs of the Prophet in the Age of al-Maʼmun. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-13942-669-5. Page 81.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Mohammad Hassan Tabasi (2014). Ahl al-Sunnah and the Hadith of al-Silsilah al-Dhahab. Quarterly of Imamat Research, 5. Page 24.
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 Shia Encyclopedia, Vol.6, Page 175. Staff writer.
- ↑ Mohammad Rahmani. An investigation on hadith of Al-silsilah al-Dhahab. Humanities and cultural studies research center. Access-date: 27 June 2014.
- ↑ Ahmad Ahmadi Birjandi. The Fourteen Luminaries of Islam. Islamic Research Foundation Astan Quds Razavi. 11 November 2014.
Havolalar
- Silsilat Al-Dhahab (Wayback Machine saytida 2014-08-14 sanasida arxivlangan)