Jurnalologiya

Jurnalologiya yoki nashriyot fani — akademik nashriyot jarayonining barcha jihatlarini ilmiy jihatdan oʻrganadigan soha^[1]^[2]. Bu soha akademik nashriyotda dalillarga asoslangan amaliyotlarni joriy etish orqali ilmiy tadqiqotlar sifatini oshirishni maqsad qiladi^[3]. „Jurnalologiya“ atamasi „The BMJ“ jurnalining sobiq bosh muharriri Stephen Lock tomonidan muomalaga kiritilgan. 1989-yilda Illinoys shtatining Chikago shahrida boʻlib oʻtgan birinchi Taqriz kongressi jurnalologiyaning alohida soha sifatida shakllanishida burilish nuqtasi hisoblanadi^[3]. Jurnalologiya sohasi ilmiy tadqiqotlarda, ayniqsa, klinik sinovlar yoʻnalishida tadqiqotlarni oldindan roʻyxatdan oʻtkazish amaliyotini ommalashtirishga sezilarli taʼsir koʻrsatdi. Hozirgi kunda aksariyat mamlakatlarda klinik sinovlarni majburiy roʻyxatdan oʻtkazish talab etiladi. Jurnalologiya tadqiqotchilari, shuningdek, taqrizdan oʻtkazish jarayonini isloh qilish ustida ham ish olib bormoqda.

Tarixi

Dastlabki ilmiy jurnallarga XVII asrda asos solingan. Ilk jurnallarning aksariyati taqriz tizimidan foydalangan boʻlsa-da, tibbiyot jurnallarida taqrizdan oʻtkazish Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyingina umumiy amaliyotga aylandi^[4]. Akademik nashriyot jarayoni (jumladan, taqriz tizimi) sof ilmiy usullar asosida shakllanmagan boʻlib^[5], u hamon ishonchlilik (izchillik va barqarorlik) muammolaridan, xususan, yagona standartlarning yoʻqligi hamda yaroqlilik (asoslanganlik va samaradorlik) yetishmasligidan aziyat chekmoqda^[6]^[7]. Akademik nashriyot amaliyotini isloh qilishga boʻlgan urinishlar XX asrning oxirlarida kengroq tus ola boshladi^[8]. Jurnalologiya sohasi rasman 1989-yilda shakllandi^[3].

Yana qarang

Manbalar

↑ Galipeau, James; Moher, David; Campbell, Craig; Hendry, Paul; Cameron, D. William; Palepu, Anita; Hébert, Paul C. (March 2015). "A systematic review highlights a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of health-related training programs in journalology" (en). Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 68 (3): 257–265. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.024. PMID 25510373.
↑ Wilson, Mitch; Moher, David (March 2019). "The Changing Landscape of Journalology in Medicine" (en). Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 49 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.11.009. PMID 30819390.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer. „'Journalologists' use scientific methods to study academic publishing. Is their work improving science?“ (en). Science (2018-yil 18-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 4-may.
↑ Burnham, John C. (1990-03-09). "The Evolution of Editorial Peer Review" (en). JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 263 (10): 1323–1329. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440100023003. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 2406470. https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_1990-03-09_263_10/page/1323.
↑ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2020. https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=reliable („reliable, adj. 1. Capable of being relied on; dependable … 2. Yielding the same or compatible results in different clinical experiments or statistical trials.“).
↑ Oxford English Dictionary (OED Online), 2nd, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1989. „validity, n. ... 2. The quality of being well-founded on fact, or established on sound principles, and thoroughly applicable to the case or circumstances; soundness and strength (of argument, proof, authority, etc.) ... 4. Value or worth; efficacy. Merging into sense 2, from which in some instances it is hardly distinguishable.“
↑ Nederhof, A.J. (1988), „The Validity and Reliability of Evaluation of Scholarly Performance“, Handbook of Quantitative Studies of Science and Technology (inglizcha), Elsevier, 193–228-bet, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-70537-2.50012-x, ISBN 978-0-444-70537-2, qaraldi: 15 September 2020
↑ Smith, J (3 October 1990). "Journalology – or what editors do.". BMJ: British Medical Journal 301 (6754): 756–759. doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6754.756. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 2224255. PMC 1664073. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1664073.

Adabiyotlar

Butcher, Nancy J.; Tricco, Andrea C.; Offringa, Martin; Moher, David; Galica, Jacqueline (2020). "Training researchers in publication science: why, what, and how" (en). Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 117: 165–167. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.08.007. PMID 31465843.
Makel, Matthew C. (2014). "The empirical march: Making science better at self-correction." (en). Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 8 (1): 2–7. doi:10.1037/a0035803. ISSN 1931-390X. http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/a0035803.
Smith, J. (1990-10-03). "Journalology – or what editors do". BMJ 301 (6754): 756–759. doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6754.756. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 2224255. PMC 1664073. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1664073.

Havolalar

Research Integrity and Peer Review — journal

[1] Galipeau, James; Moher, David; Campbell, Craig; Hendry, Paul; Cameron, D. William; Palepu, Anita; Hébert, Paul C. (March 2015). "A systematic review highlights a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of health-related training programs in journalology" (en). Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 68 (3): 257–265. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.024. PMID 25510373.

[2] Wilson, Mitch; Moher, David (March 2019). "The Changing Landscape of Journalology in Medicine" (en). Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 49 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.11.009. PMID 30819390.

[Couzin-Frankel-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer. „'Journalologists' use scientific methods to study academic publishing. Is their work improving science?“ (en). Science (2018-yil 18-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2019-yil 4-may.

[4] Burnham, John C. (1990-03-09). "The Evolution of Editorial Peer Review" (en). JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 263 (10): 1323–1329. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440100023003. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 2406470. https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_1990-03-09_263_10/page/1323.

[5] American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2020. https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=reliable („reliable, adj. 1. Capable of being relied on; dependable … 2. Yielding the same or compatible results in different clinical experiments or statistical trials.“).

[6] Oxford English Dictionary (OED Online), 2nd, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1989. „validity, n. ... 2. The quality of being well-founded on fact, or established on sound principles, and thoroughly applicable to the case or circumstances; soundness and strength (of argument, proof, authority, etc.) ... 4. Value or worth; efficacy. Merging into sense 2, from which in some instances it is hardly distinguishable.“

[7] Nederhof, A.J. (1988), „The Validity and Reliability of Evaluation of Scholarly Performance“, Handbook of Quantitative Studies of Science and Technology (inglizcha), Elsevier, 193–228-bet, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-70537-2.50012-x, ISBN 978-0-444-70537-2, qaraldi: 15 September 2020

[8] Smith, J (3 October 1990). "Journalology – or what editors do.". BMJ: British Medical Journal 301 (6754): 756–759. doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6754.756. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 2224255. PMC 1664073. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1664073.

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