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Isʼhoq bin Ahmed

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Shayx Isoq
Shayx Isʼhoq

Shayx Isoq maqbarasi, Maydh, Sanaag, Somaliya
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlar
Tavalludi 11-asr,
Madina, hozirgi Saudiya Arabistoni[1]
Vafoti 12-asr
Maydh, hozirgi Somalilend
Dini Islom
Farzandlari Ahmad (Toljeʼlo)
Muso (Jeʼlo)
Muhammad (ʼIbron)
Ibrohim (Sanbuur)
Abdurahmon (Avval)
Muhammad (Arap)
Ayyub
Ismoil (Garhajis)
Ota-onasi
  • Ahmad bin Muhammad (otasi)
  • Shariffa Aʼtika bintu Ali bin Muhmmad (onasi)
Asosiy qiziqish(lar)i Islom adabiyoti, Islom falsafasi
Boshqa nomlari Ash-Shayx Isʼhaaq, Ash-Shayx al-Muhajir[2]

Isʼhoq bin Ahmed bin Muhammad (koʻproq Shayx Isoq nomi bilan tanilgan) somali Isaaq urugʻ-oilasi ogʻzaki anʼanalarida muhim oʻrin tutuvchi yarim-afsonaviy shaxsdir[3][4][5][6][7]. Bu anʼanalarga koʻra, ular bir nechta arabcha hagiografiyalarda ham qayd etilgan[8], u shofiʼiy mazhabiga mansub ulamosi boʻlib, Arabistondan Afrika Shoxi tomon dengizni kechib oʻtgan. U Isaaq urugʻ-oilasining sayyid ajdodi, deb tarzda eʼtirof etiladi. Bu urugʻning hududi Afrika Shoxida keng va zich aholi yashaydigan hudud hisoblanadi[9][10][11].

Rivoyatlarga koʻra, Shayx Isoq Arabistondan Somalilendga 10 yoki 11-asrda sayohat qilib kelgan va u yerda ikkita ayolga uylangan; ulardan biri mahalliy Dir qabilasidan, ikkinchisi esa qoʻshni harariy xalqidan boʻlgan[12][13][14]. U Isaaq urugʻ-oilasining umumiy ajdodi boʻlgan sakkiz oʻgʻilning otasi sanaladi. Rivoyatga koʻra, u hozirgi Erigavo tumani hududiga joylashgan va oʻz poytaxtini Maydhda barpo etgan[15]. U vafotiga qadar Maydhda qolgan, deb aytiladi[16].

Shayx Isoq atrofidagi rivoyatlar Isaaq urugʻining oʻzini arab va musulmon sifatida anglashini shakllantirish va mustahkamlashda muhim rol oʻynagan[17]. Christopher Ehret singari olimlar somali qabilalari, masalan, Isaaq va Darod asoschilari tarixiy shaxslar boʻlgan deb hisoblaydi, ammo ular haqidagi rivoyatlarni afsonalar doirasiga kiritadilar[18]. Sada Mire esa somali qabila nasablarini arab ajdodlari bilan bogʻlashni „somalilarning islomiy kelib chiqish mifologiyasi“ning bir qismi, deb biladi[19], biroq u bu afsonaviy rivoyatlarni Janubiy Arabistondan Somaliya tomon boʻlgan tarixiy migratsiyalar bilan bogʻlaydi[20] .

Manbalar

  1. ↑ محمد عزالدين الغرباني. العسجد المنظوم: كتاب عن سيرة الشريف إسحاق بن أحمد الهاشمي رحمه الله دفين قرية ميط بالصومال وجد قبيلة بني إسحاق شمال الصومال. archive.org.
  2. ↑ محمد عزالدين الغرباني. العسجد المنظوم: كتاب عن سيرة الشريف إسحاق بن أحمد الهاشمي رحمه الله دفين قرية ميط بالصومال وجد قبيلة بني إسحاق شمال الصومال. archive.org.
  3. ↑ Lewis, I. M. (March 1962). "Historical Aspects of Genealogies in Northern Somali Social Structure" (en). The Journal of African History 3 (1): 45. doi:10.1017/S0021853700002723. ISSN 1469-5138. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/historical-aspects-of-genealogies-in-northern-somali-social-structure1/818BF4812E44980408CA34549694DC3C. "Thus it seems that the traditions surrounding the origins and advent from Arabia of Sheikhs Daarood and Isaaq have the character of myths rather than of history..." 
  4. ↑ Loimeier, Roman. Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology (en). Indiana University Press, 2013-07-17 — 197-bet. ISBN 978-0-253-02732-0. „Despite their clear Cushitic linguistic and ethnic identity, Somaal oral traditions claim Arab origin through two mystical clan ancestors, Shaykh Darood and Shaykh Isaaq, who allegedly arrived in the northern Horn in the tenth and thirteenth centuries, respectively, where they married local women ... [they] are presented as being of noble Qurayshī origin.“ 
  5. ↑ Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye. Culture and Customs of Somalia (en). Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2001-10-30 — 64-bet. ISBN 978-0-313-07329-8. „Some of the early proselytizers were grafted both into the saintly pantheon and into the genealogical trees of Somali clans; these might be called genealogical saints; one of them is Sheikh Ishaaq, the mythical father of the Isaaq confederation, who probably was an early proselytizer who over the years became transmogrified into a genealogical father.“ 
  6. ↑ Lewis, I. M.. Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society (en). The Red Sea Press, 1994 — 105-bet. ISBN 978-0-932415-93-6. „[These examples illustrate] a process of myth-making in its early stages which has already proceeded much further amongst the Darood and Isaaq. Thus at the point where Somali trace descent from Arabia outside their own society, a strong mythical component enters into the genealogies which is not present at lower generational levels.“ 
  7. ↑ Diop, Samba; Diop, Papa Samba. The Oral History and Literature of the Wolof People of Waalo, Northern Senegal: The Master of the Word (griot) in the Wolof Tradition (en). E. Mellen Press, 1995 — 170-bet. ISBN 978-0-7734-9031-4. „Lewis goes further by giving the example of a Sheikh named Isaaq (or rather his descendants) who "have arabicized their genealogy as a means of acquiring prestige"“ 
  8. ↑ Drozdík 2005. Some of these were published by Gori 2003.
  9. ↑ „Somalia – The great Somali migrations“ (en). Encyclopedia Britannica. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 24-mart.
  10. ↑ Berns-McGown, Rima. Muslims in the Diaspora: The Somali Communities of London and Toronto. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999 — 27–28-bet. ISBN 9780802082817. 
  11. ↑ Lewis, Ioan M., A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 22–23.
  12. ↑ Nelson, Harold D.. Somalia, a Country Study (en). U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982 — 330-bet. 
  13. ↑ Dierk Lange Ancient Kingdoms Of West Africa 1. 
  14. ↑ I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42
  15. ↑ Lewis, Ioan (1960). "The Somali Conquest of the Horn of Africa". Journal of African History 1 (2): 213–230. doi:10.1017/S0021853700001808. https://www.jstor.org/stable/180241.  p. 219.
  16. ↑ Adam, Hussein M.. Somalia and the World: Proceedings of the International Symposium Held in Mogadishu on the Tenth Anniversary of the Somali Revolution, October 15–21, 1979 (en). Halgan, 1980. 
  17. ↑ Lewis, Ioan M.. Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society. Lawrencewill, NJ: The Red Sea Press, 1994 — 103–104-bet. ISBN 0-932415-93-8. 
  18. ↑ Ehret, Christopher „The Eastern Horn of Africa, 1000 B.C. to 1400 A.D.: The Historical Roots“, . The Invention of Somalia. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1995 — 233–256-bet. ISBN 978-0-932415-99-8.  p. 251.
  19. ↑ Mire 2020, ss. 201, 205–206, cf. pp. 70–71, 154–155.
  20. ↑ Mire 2020, s. 63.

Qoʻshimcha adabiyotlar

  • Gori, Alessandro. Studi sulla letteratura agiografica islamica somala in lingua araba. Firenze: Dipartimento di linguistica, Università di Firenze, 2003. ISBN 88-901340-0-3. OCLC 55104439. 
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