Ibn Yahyo al-Magʻribiy as-Samaval

As-Samavʼalning polinomi. XII asrdagi *al-Bahir fi’l-Jabr* — „Algebrada porloq asar“dan illyustratsiya.

As-Samaval ibn Yahyo al-Magʻribiy (arabcha: السموأل بن يحيى المغربي‎‎, taxminan 1130 — taxminan 1180), odatda Samaval al-Magʻribiy nomi bilan tanilgan, matematik, astronom va tabib edi^[1]. U Marokashdan chiqqan yahudiy oilasida tugʻilgan boʻlib, otasining dilini ogʻritishdan qoʻrqib, oʻzining islomni qabul qilganini koʻp yillar davomida yashirib yurgan, soʻngra 1163-yilda tushida bunga buyruq berilgani haqida vahiy koʻrgach, ochiqchasiga islomni qabul qilgan^[2]. Uning otasi Marokashlik ravvin Yahudo ibn Abun boʻlgan^[3]^[4].

Matematika

As-Samaval oʻn toʻqqiz yoshida al-Bahir fil-jabr („Algebrada porloq asar“) nomli matematik risolasini yozgan.

Shuningdek, u matematik induksiyaning ikki asosiy tushunchasidan, ularni aniq shaklda bayon qilmagan holda, foydalangan. U bu usul yordamida binomlar teoremasi natijalarini n=12 gacha kengaytirgan va Paskal uchburchagini oldin al-Karajiy bergan shaklda davom ettirgan^[5].

Munozaralar

U, shuningdek, yahudiylik bilan bahs yurituvchi, arab tilida yozilgan mashhur munozaraviy kitob — Ifḥām al-Yahūd (Yahudiylarni raddiya qilish) muallifi hisoblanadi. Arab tilidan tarjima qilingan va keyinchalik koʻplab Gʻarb tillariga oʻgirilgan lotin tilidagi risola Epistola Samuelis Marrocani ad R. Isaacum contra errores Judaeorum („Marokashlik Samuelning R. Is’hoqga yahudiylarning xatolariga qarshi maktubi“) deb nomlanadi. Unda muallif „taxminan 1072-yilda“ yashagan Foslik R. Samuel ekani daʼvo qilinadi, biroq risolada unga notoʻgʻri nisbat berilgan^[6]^[7]^[8].

Manbalar

↑ Jewish Encyclopedia
↑ UIMATH: Islamic Mathematics (Algebra)
↑ Medieval Cultures in Contact, By Richard Gyug, pg. 123
↑ Perlman, Moshe. Silencing the Jews (en). New York: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1964 — 15-bet.
↑ Katz (1992), p. 242:
"Like the proofs of al-Karaji and ibn al-Haytham, al-Samaw’al’s argument contains the two basic components of an inductive proof. He begins with a value for which the result is known, here n = 2, and then uses the result for a given integer to derive the result for the next. Since al-Samaw’al did not have any way of stating the general binomial theorem, however, he cannot be said to have proved it, by induction or otherwise. What he had done was provide a method acceptable to his readers for expanding binomials up to the twelfth power…"
↑ Williams, A. Lukyn. Adversus Judaeos: a Bird's-Eye View of Christian Apologiae until the Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1935 — 228–232-bet. ISBN 978-1-139-10847-8. OCLC 889963332.
↑ Perlmann, Moshe (1964). "Samau'al al-Maghribī Ifḥām Al-Yahūd: Silencing the Jews / إفحام اليهود: تأليف السموءل المغربي (القرن السادس الهجري)". Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research 32: 5. doi:10.2307/3622414.
↑ Samau’al al-Maghribi: Ifham Al-Yahud: Silencing the Jews by Moshe Perlmann, Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, Vol. 32, Samau’al Al-Maghribi Ifham Al-Yahud: Silencing the Jews (1964)

[1] Jewish Encyclopedia

[2] UIMATH: Islamic Mathematics (Algebra)

[3] Medieval Cultures in Contact, By Richard Gyug, pg. 123

[4] Perlman, Moshe. Silencing the Jews (en). New York: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1964 — 15-bet.

[5] Katz (1992), p. 242:
"Like the proofs of al-Karaji and ibn al-Haytham, al-Samaw’al’s argument contains the two basic components of an inductive proof. He begins with a value for which the result is known, here n = 2, and then uses the result for a given integer to derive the result for the next. Since al-Samaw’al did not have any way of stating the general binomial theorem, however, he cannot be said to have proved it, by induction or otherwise. What he had done was provide a method acceptable to his readers for expanding binomials up to the twelfth power…"

[6] Williams, A. Lukyn. Adversus Judaeos: a Bird's-Eye View of Christian Apologiae until the Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1935 — 228–232-bet. ISBN 978-1-139-10847-8. OCLC 889963332.

[7] Perlmann, Moshe (1964). "Samau'al al-Maghribī Ifḥām Al-Yahūd: Silencing the Jews / إفحام اليهود: تأليف السموءل المغربي (القرن السادس الهجري)". Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research 32: 5. doi:10.2307/3622414.

[8] Samau’al al-Maghribi: Ifham Al-Yahud: Silencing the Jews by Moshe Perlmann, Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, Vol. 32, Samau’al Al-Maghribi Ifham Al-Yahud: Silencing the Jews (1964)

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