Ibn Turk

ʿAbdulhamīd ibn Turk (taxm. yashagan 830-yillar), shuningdek ʿAbdulhamīd ibn Vase ibn Turk al-Jiliy (arabcha: ابومحمد عبدالحمید بن واسع بن ترک الجیلی‎‎) nomi bilan ham tanilgan, IX asr islom matematigi boʻlgan. Uning hayoti haqida yetarlicha maʼlumot mavjud emas. U haqdagi ikki yozma maʼlumot biri Ibn an-Nadim, ikkinchisi Al-Qiftiy tomonidan yozilan boʻlib, bir-biriga aynan mos kelmaydi. Al-Qiftiy uning ismini Abdulhamīd ibn Vase ibn Turk al-Jiliy deb keltiradi. Jiliy — Gilondan ekanini anglatadi. Boshqa tomondan, Ibn an-Nadim uning nisbasi sifatida xuttaliy (ختلی)ni keltiradi; bu hudud Amudaryoning shimolida va Badaxshonning gʻarbida joylashgan. U yozgan al-jabr va al-muqabila asarining bizgacha yetib kelgan ikki qoʻlyozmasidan birida nisbaning yozilishi al-Jiliy shakliga yaqin^[1]. David Pingree / Encyclopaedia Iranicada u aslida Xuttal yoki Gilondan boʻlganini qayd etiladi^[2].

Ibn Turk Aralash tenglamalardagi mantiqiy zaruriyatlar nomli algebra asarini yozgan boʻlib, u Al-Xorazmiyning Al-Jabr asariga juda oʻxshash va taxminan oʻsha davrda, hatto ehtimol undan ham avvalroq nashr etilgan^[3]. Faqat Aralash tenglamalardagi mantiqiy zaruriyatlar deb ataluvchi, kvadrat tenglamalarni yechishga bagʻishlangan bir bobigina bizgacha yetib kelgan. Qoʻlyozmada Al-Jabrda keltirilgan bilan aynan bir xil geometrik isbot, hatto bir holatda Al-Jabrdagi bilan bir xil misol beriladi va hatto Al-Jabrdan ham oshib, agar diskriminant manfiy boʻlsa, kvadrat tenglama yechimga ega boʻlmasligini geometrik yoʻl bilan isbotlanadi^[3]. Ushbu ikki asar oʻrtasidagi oʻxshashlik baʼzi tarixchilarga Al-Xorazmiy va Abdulhamid davriga kelib algebra allaqachon yaxshi rivojlangan boʻlgan, degan xulosaga kelishlariga sabab boʻlgan^[3].

Manbalar

↑ Ibn Turk in Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Buzurg-i Islāmī, Vol. 3, no. 1001, Tehran. To be translated in Encyclopaedia Islamica.
↑ Pingree 1982, s. 111.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Boyer, Carl B. „The Arabic Hegemony“, . A History of Mathematics, Second, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991 — 234-bet. ISBN 0-471-54397-7. „The Algebra of Al-Khwarizmi usually is regarded as the first work on the subject, but a recent publication in Turkey raises some questions about this. A manuscript of a work by 'Abd-al-Hamid ibn-Turk, entitled "Logical Necessities in Mixed Equations", was part of a book on Al-jabr wa'l muqabalah which was evidently very much the same as that by Al-Khwarizmi and was published at about the same time — possibly even earlier. The surviving chapters on „Logical Necessities“ give precisely the same type of geometric demonstration as al-Khwarizmi’s Algebra and in one case the same illustrative example x² + 21 = 10x. In one respect, 'Abd-al-Hamad’s exposition is more thorough than that of al-Khwarizmi, for he gives geometric figures to prove that if the discriminant is negative, a quadratic equation has no solution. Similarities in the works of the two men and the systematic organization found in them seem to indicate that algebra in their day was not so recent a development as has usually been assumed. When textbooks with a conventional and well-ordered exposition appear simultaneously, a subject is likely to be considerably beyond the formative stage. … Note the omission of Diophantus and Pappus, authors who evidently were not at first known in Arabia, although the Diophantine Arithmetica became familiar before the end of the tenth century.“

[cgie-1] Ibn Turk in Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Buzurg-i Islāmī, Vol. 3, no. 1001, Tehran. To be translated in Encyclopaedia Islamica.

[FOOTNOTEPingree1982111-2] Pingree 1982, s. 111.

[Boyer_Ibn_Turk-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Boyer, Carl B. „The Arabic Hegemony“, . A History of Mathematics, Second, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991 — 234-bet. ISBN 0-471-54397-7. „The Algebra of Al-Khwarizmi usually is regarded as the first work on the subject, but a recent publication in Turkey raises some questions about this. A manuscript of a work by 'Abd-al-Hamid ibn-Turk, entitled "Logical Necessities in Mixed Equations", was part of a book on Al-jabr wa'l muqabalah which was evidently very much the same as that by Al-Khwarizmi and was published at about the same time — possibly even earlier. The surviving chapters on „Logical Necessities“ give precisely the same type of geometric demonstration as al-Khwarizmi’s Algebra and in one case the same illustrative example x² + 21 = 10x. In one respect, 'Abd-al-Hamad’s exposition is more thorough than that of al-Khwarizmi, for he gives geometric figures to prove that if the discriminant is negative, a quadratic equation has no solution. Similarities in the works of the two men and the systematic organization found in them seem to indicate that algebra in their day was not so recent a development as has usually been assumed. When textbooks with a conventional and well-ordered exposition appear simultaneously, a subject is likely to be considerably beyond the formative stage. … Note the omission of Diophantus and Pappus, authors who evidently were not at first known in Arabia, although the Diophantine Arithmetica became familiar before the end of the tenth century.“

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