Hasan ar-Rammah
Hasan ar-Rammah (arabcha: حسن الرماح, 1295-yilda vafot etgan) suriyalik[1][2][3] arab[4] kimyogar va muhandis. Mamluk sultonligi davrida yashagan, porox turlari va portlovchi moddalarni oʻrgangan hamda jangovar asboblarning dastlabki namunalari, jumladan birinchi torpeda chizmalari muallifi boʻlgan[5]. Ar-Rammah oʻzining ilk torpedasini „oʻzi harakatlanadigan va yoqib yuboradigan tuxum“ deb atagan. U bir-biriga mahkamlangan ikkita metalldan yasalgan listdan iborat boʻlib, ichiga nafta, metall qirindilari va kaliy nitrati solingan. U suv yuzasida harakatlanishi, katta raketa yordamida harakatga keltirilishi va kichik rul yordamida yoʻnalishda ushlab turilishi koʻzda tutilgan edi[6].
Ar-Rammah bir necha yangi turdagi poroxlarni[7], yangi turdagi fitilni va ikki xil yoqilgichni ishlab chiqqan[6].
Manbalar
- ↑ Riper, A. Bowdoin Van. Rockets and Missiles: The Life Story of a Technology (en). Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004. ISBN 978-0-313-32795-7.
- ↑ Partington, J. R.. A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder (en). JHU Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-8018-5954-0.
- ↑ Pacey, Arnold. Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-year History (en). MIT Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0-262-66072-3.
- ↑ Elgood, Robert. Firearms of the Islamic World: In the Tared Rajab Museum, Kuwait (en). I.B.Tauris, 1995. ISBN 9781850439639.
- ↑ Hinds, Joseph. „Very, Very Early Torpedoes“. Great History (2009-yil 23-fevral). 2013-yil 2-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 26-noyabr.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Partington, James Riddick (1999), A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 203-bet, ISBN 0-8018-5954-9
- ↑ Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y.. Islamic Technology: An Illustrated History, 1st, Cambridge; New York : Paris: Cambridge University Press, 1992-03-27. ISBN 978-0-521-42239-0.