Kontent qismiga oʻtish

Fotih masjidi (Tirilye)

Koordinatalari: 40°23′35″N 28°47′48″E / 40.393078°N 28.796799°E / 40.393078; 28.796799
ZiyoSfera, erkin ensiklopediya
Masjid
Fotih masjidi
turkcha: Fatih Camii
Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:
Fotih masjidi
Mamlakat  Turkiya
Hudud Bursa viloyati, Tirilye mahallasi
Koordinatalar 40°23′35″N 28°47′48″E / 40.393078°N 28.796799°E / 40.393078; 28.796799
Yoʻnalishi sunniylik
Binokorlik 720-yil—730-yil
Fayl:Mudanya Bursa.jpg
Fotih masjidi, 1990-yil

Fotih masjidi (turkcha: Fatih Camii) – Turkiyaning Bursa viloyati, Tirilye (Zeytinbağı) mahallasida joylashgan masjid. Dastlab Vizantiya imperiyasi cherkovi sifatida qurilgan, keyinchalik XVI asrda musulmonlar uchun diniy inshootga aylantirilgan[1]. 1920–1922-yillar orasida yana yunon pravoslav cherkovi sifatida xizmat qilib, 1923-yilda qayta masjidga aylantirilgan[1].

Tarixi

Asl inshoot 720 va 730-yillar orasida qurilgan boʻlishi mumkin[2].

Usmoniylar Onadoʻlini bosib olganidan soʻng, Vizantiya cherkovi masjidga aylantirilgan va Fotih Camii („Fatih masjidi“) deb qayta nomlangan[3]. Keyinchalik 1920-yilning yoz oylarida Bursa yunon qoʻshinlari tomonidan qisqa muddat bosib olingan va masjid qisqa vaqt ichida pravoslav cherkovi sifatida qayta tiklangan[4]. 1923-yilga kelib esa bino yana masjidga aylantirilgan[3].

Tavsifi

Ushbu inshoot mintaqadagi eng qadimgi Vizantiya imperiyasi binosi hisoblanadi. Masjidga ayvon orqali kirish mumkin, asosiy kirish eshigi yogʻoch tom bilan qoplangan. Ushbu ayvon toʻrtta ustunga tayangan holda qurilgan, bosh qismi bezakli metall bilan qoplangan. Markaziy gumbazning balandligi 19 metr (62 ft), kengligi taxminan 4,5 metr (14,75 ft)[5][6]. Garchi cherkov taxminan VIII asrda qurilgan boʻlsa-da, VI asrga oid haykaltaroshlik elementlarini oʻz ichiga olgan, shuningdek, ulardan baʼzilari keyinchalik qayta oʻyib ishlangan boʻlishi ham mumkin[7]. Baʼzi olimlar cherkov devorlari rasmlar va ikonalar bilan bezatilgan deb taxmin qilganlar, biroq bu tasvirlar bizgacha yetib kelmagan[8].

Bino jome masjidga aylantirilgandan soʻng baland koshinli mehrob oʻrnatilgan[9]. Bundan tashqari, masjid hududida qoʻshimcha ravishda minora ham qoʻshilgan, biroq bu minora 1855-yilda sodir boʻlgan zilzila oqibatida qattiq shikastlangan va keyinchalik qayta qurilgan[9].

Manbalar

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Hayden, Robert; Sözer, Hande; Tanyeri-Erdemir, Tuğba; Erdemir, Aykan (2011). "The Byzantine Mosque at Trilye: A Processual Analysis of Dominance, Sharing, Transformation and Tolerance". History and Anthropology 22 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1080/02757206.2011.546851. 
  2. ↑ Ousterhout, Robert. Master Builders of Byzantium. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. 
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Hayden, Robert; Sözer, Hande; Tanyeri-Erdemir, Tuğba; Erdemir, Aykan (2011). "The Byzantine Mosque at Trilye: A Processual Analysis of Dominance, Sharing, Transformation and Tolerance". History and Anthropology 22 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1080/02757206.2011.546851. 
  4. ↑ „Fatih Cami (Hagios Stephanos Kilise)“.
  5. ↑ Cormack, Robin. Byzantine Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018 — 89-bet. 
  6. ↑ Brubaker, Leslie. Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era (ca. 680-850): The Sources - An Annotated Survey. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001. 
  7. ↑ Ousterhout, Robert. Master Builders of Byzantium. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. 
  8. ↑ Hayden, Robert; Sözer, Hande; Tanyeri-Erdemir, Tuğba; Erdemir, Aykan (2011). "The Byzantine Mosque at Trilye: A Processual Analysis of Dominance, Sharing, Transformation and Tolerance". History and Anthropology 22 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1080/02757206.2011.546851. 
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Hayden, Robert; Sözer, Hande; Tanyeri-Erdemir, Tuğba; Erdemir, Aykan (2011). "The Byzantine Mosque at Trilye: A Processual Analysis of Dominance, Sharing, Transformation and Tolerance". History and Anthropology 22 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1080/02757206.2011.546851. 

Adabiyotlar

  • Brubaker, Leslie and John Haldon. Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era (ca. 680-850): The Sources – An Annotated Survey. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011
  • Buchwald, Hans Herbert. Form, Style, and Meaning in Byzantine Church Architecture. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999
  • Cormack, Robin. Byzantine Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018
  • Hayden, Robert, Hande Sözer, Tuğba Tanyeri-Erdemir, and Aylan Erdemir. „The Byzantine Mosque at Trilye: A Processual Analysis of Dominance, Sharing, Transformation and Tolerance.“ History and Anthropology , vol. 22, no. 1 (2011): 1-17
  • Hasluck, F. W. „Bythinica.“ Annual of the British School at Athens, vol. 13 (1906/7): 285-308
  • Mango, Cyril and Ihor Ševčenko. „Some Churches and Monasteries on the South Shore of the Sea of Marmara.“ Dumbarton Oaks Papers, vol. 18 (1973): 235-77
  • Marinis, Vasileios. Architecture and Ritual in the Churches of Constantinople: Ninth to Fifteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014
  • Ousterhout, Robert. Eastern Medieval Architecture: The Building Tradition of Byzantium and Neighbouring Lands. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019
  • Ousterhout, Robert. Master Builders of Byzantium. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008

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