Children's Games (Bruegel)

Children's Games
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Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Children’s Games
Rassom	Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Yil	15601560
Tur	Oil on panel
Oʻlchami	118 cm × 161 cm (46 in × 63 in)
Joylashuvi	Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Bolalar oʻyinlari — flamand Uygʻonish davri rassomi Katta Piter Breygelning yogʻochga moyboʻyoqda ishlangan asari. Suratni u 1560-yilda chizgan. Hozirda asar Venadagi Sanʼat tarixi muzeyida saqlanadi. Butun kompozitsiya turli-tuman oʻyinlar bilan band boʻlgan bolalarga toʻla. Unda oʻsha davrda bolalar oʻynagan 90 dan ortiq turli oʻyin aniqlangan.

Tavsifi

Bu asarni birinchi marta Karel van Mander 1604-yilda tilga olgan, uni esa 1594-yilda Avstriya ersgersogi Ernst sotib olgan. Taxminlarga koʻra, u Inson yoshlarini tasvirlovchi rejalashtirilgan turkumning birinchi surati boʻlgan. Bunda Bolalar oʻyinlari yoshlik davrini ifodalar edi. Agar Breygelning niyati shunday boʻlgan boʻlsa, turkum bu asardan nariga oʻtmagan koʻrinadi. Chunki na oʻsha davrda, na keyinchalik unga aloqador suratlar haqida hech qanday maʼlumot uchramaydi.

Bolalarning yoshi goʻdaklikdan oʻsmirlikkacha boradi. Ular gildirak dumalatadi, oyoqchoʻp (xodacha)da yuradi, chambarak aylantiradi, tayoqchadan yasalgan otda chopadi, qoʻgʻirmachoq bahslar uyushtiradi, sakrash va koʻzbogʻlar oʻynaydi. Yana ular qoʻlda tikka turadi, choʻchqa qopchaʼlarini shishiradi, qoʻgʻirchoq va boshqa oʻyinchoqlar bilan oʻynaydi. Bolalar maydondagi ulkan binoni ham egallab olgan: u shahar hokimiyati binosi yoki boshqa muhim maʼmuriy inshoot boʻlishi mumkin. Shu tariqa rassom shahar ishlarini boshqaradigan kattalar ham Xudo nazarida bolalardek ekanini taʼkidlaydi. Bu gavjum manzarani yuqori chap burchakdagi tabiat koʻrinishi biroz yumshatadi. Ammo u yerda ham bolalar daryoda choʻmilib, qirgʻoqda oʻynab yuribdi.

Rassomning bu asardan koʻzlagan maqsadi bolalar oʻyinlarining rasmli qomusini tuzishdan koʻra jiddiyroq, garchi unda sakson chogʻli aniq oʻyin belgilangan boʻlsa-da. Breygel bolalarni oʻz oʻyinlariga shu qadar berilgan holda koʻrsatadiki, bu kattalarning goʻyoki muhimroq ishlariga boʻlgan jiddiyatini eslatadi. Rassomning axloqiy xulosasi shuki, Xudo nazdida bolalar oʻyini ota-onalarining mashgʻulotlari qadar ahamiyatlidir. Bu fikr oʻsha davr adabiyotida keng tarqalgan edi: Yan van Dusborx 1530-yilda Antverpenda chop etgan nomaʼlum muallifning flamand sheʼrida insoniyat oʻzining bemaʼni oʻyin va tashvishlariga butunlay berilib ketgan bolalarga qiyoslanadi.

Oʻyinlar

Quyi chap burchakdan boshlab, oʻyinlarni quyidagicha aniqlash mumkin:

Number	Image	Game	Notes
01		Playing with dolls
02		Playing 'Holy Mass'	Small liturgical objects used at Mass and Liturgies
03		Water gun and owl on support	Shooting water at a bird
04		Wearing masks	Wearing disguises for fun
05		Swinging from a hanging seat	The classic hanging seat
06		Climbing a fence
07		Handstand
08		Play the "knot"	Bending the body to contorted positions
09	Somersault	Somersault	Flipping and rolling forwards, backwards, or sideways
10	Fence riding	Fence riding	Pretending the fence is a horse
11	Mock wedding	Mock wedding	It is exactly at the diagonal centre of the panel. Perhaps an irony of the holy sacrament, or a reference to the main event that allows conception of children. Mock child weddings have been common folk tradition many places in Europe, and were often celebrated at Midsummer.
12	Passing through kicking legs - running the gauntlet	Passing through kicking legs - running the gauntlet
13	Blind Man's Bluff	Blind Man's Bluff	One player is blindfolded and then disoriented by being spun around. The other players call out to the "blind man" who attempts to tag them before they dodge away.
14		Playing with birds
14b	Making hats with twigs	Making hats with twigs	The child in the blue tunic is wearing a hat woven from twigs.
15	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Blowing bubbles	Still a popular pastime, Bruegel shows children blowing bubbles with clay pipes and verifies soap bubbles being used as entertainment for at least 400 years
16	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Shell bobbin	A flying spinneret made of nut shells
17	Teetotum	Teetotum	Forerunner of the roulette and dice games
17b	Toy animal with leash	Toy animal with leash	A stone dog of sorts
18	Knucklebones	Knucklebones	Game of very ancient origin, played with five small objects, originally the "knucklebones" (actually the astragalus: a bone in the ankle, or hock) of a sheep, which are thrown up and caught in various ways; more commonly known as playing jacks.
19	Mock baptismal	Mock baptismal	Re-enacting the procession of adults carrying home a baby just baptized. The blue hood symbolises deception ("hooding the husband" meant to cuckold him, as shown in Bruegel's Netherlandish Proverbs).
20	A hand game	A hand game	Possibly the morra, a hand game - similar to rock, paper, scissors - that dates back thousands of years to ancient Roman and Greek times
21	Piñata	Piñata	A papier-mâché or other type of container that is decorated, filled with toys and or candy and then broken, usually as part of a ceremony or celebration
22	Walk on stilts	Walk on stilts	Walking poles equipped with steps for the feet to stand on, they can be short (like here) or long (see number 62)
23	Play leapfrog	Play leapfrog	Vaulting over each other's stooped backs
24	Mock tournaments	Mock tournaments	Competitions of various kind
25	The "Pope's seat"	The "Pope's seat"	Holding the child by gripping hands
26	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Hobby-horse	Riding a wooden hobby horse made of a straight stick with a small horse's head
27	Stirring excrement with a stick	Stirring excrement with a stick
28		Playing the flute and the drum	Playing simple music with basic instruments, always popular with kids
29	The simple roll hoop	The simple roll hoop	Children and adults around the world have played with hoops, twirling, rolling and throwing them throughout history
30	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Shouting into a barrel from a hole	The many uses of a barrel
31	The hoop with bells	The hoop with bells	A variation of rolling the hoop
32	Riding the barrel	Riding the barrel	With barrel vaulting, another popular play
33	Hat throwing	Hat throwing	Throw them through a child's open legs, or see who throws farthest
34	Raisinbread man	Raisinbread man	A man-shaped loaf of bread, most likely some sort of Dutch duivekater, offered during wakes or at Christmas
35		The penalty of "bumbouncing"	Bouncing someone's buttocks on planks
36	Ball made with an inflated animal bladder	Ball made with an inflated animal bladder	Inflating a bladder to create a balloon or ball
37	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Buck buck	A group of children had to create a "pony" and another had to leap on their backs until the weight made it crumble
38	To play shop	To play shop	On the wooden plank below the funnel Bruegel inscribed "BRUEGEL 1560" Red pigment was made from scraping bricks and was most famous from Antwerp.
39		Playing Tiddlywinks	Played with small discs called "winks", a pot, and a collection of squidgers. The children use a "squidger" (a disk) to propel a wink into flight by pressing down on a wink, thereby flicking it into the air: the objective of the game is to score points by sending one's own winks into the pot
39b		Playing Mumblety-peg	An old outdoor game played by children using pocketknives
40	Building (a well)	Building (a well)
41	Pulling hair	Pulling hair	May be a game or a fight
42	Catching insects with a net	Catching insects with a net
43	Playing the scourge	Playing the scourge
44	Playing marbles	Playing marbles	Ancient throwing game
45	Pitch and toss	Pitch and toss	The players each take a coin and take turns tossing them towards the wall: the coin the closest to the wall wins
45b	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Twirling a hat on a stick
46		Making a procession	Popular among children and adults, in diverse applications
47	Playing the porter	Playing the porter
48	Who's got the ball?	Who's got the ball?	Hiding the ball and guessing who has it
49		Riding piggyback	Riding on another's shoulders
50	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Singing door-to-door
51	Bonfire	Bonfire	Lighting a fire
52	Riding a broom	Riding a broom	A variation of hobby-horse, but with many players
53	Pushing a wall	Pushing a wall
54	Hide-and-seek	Hide-and-seek	Or "hide and go seek", a game in which a number of players conceal themselves in the environment, to be found by one or more seekers
55	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	The "devil's tail" or "crack the whip"	One player, chosen as the "head" of the tail or whip, runs around in random directions with subsequent players holding on to the hand of the previous player. The entire "tail" of the whip moves in those directions but with much more force toward the end of the tail.
56		Grappling	A basic form of wrestling
57	The "devil chained"	The "devil chained"	Role play as a street game
58	Run, jump on a cellar's door	Run, jump on a cellar's door
59		Bowling	Players attempt to score points by rolling a ball along a flat surface, either into pins or to get close to a target ball
60	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	The token	Running and handing off the baton to the next runner
61	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Throwing walnuts	Perhaps a variation of bowling or bocce, hitting an assembled cluster of nuts
62	High stilts	High stilts	Walking on long poles
63	Pole vaulting	Pole vaulting	Exercising on a horizontally fixed bar
64		Balancing a stick on a finger	A clownish game of balance
65	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Put up a show	Enacting a play
66	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Spinning tops	Using toys that can be spun on an axis, balancing on a point
67	The trolleys	The trolleys	Baskets moving on a line
68	Flying a ribbon on a stick	Flying a ribbon on a stick	Letting a piece of cloth fly in the wind from a stick
69	Whom shall I choose?	Whom shall I choose?	A girl selects her "baby" from a group of friends under a blanket
70	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Urinating
71	Bocce	Bocce	In teams, throwing the bocce balls closest to the jack ball
72		Pirouetting skirts	Swirling the girls' skirts round and round
73	Climbing a tree	Climbing a tree
74	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Swimming	A healthy recreational exercise, enjoying a full-body workout
75	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Diving	Jumping or falling into water is always fun for children
76	Floating with an inflated pig's bladder	Floating with an inflated pig's bladder	A sheep's bladder was also used, to float on top of it or to play water games
77	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	"Dethroning the King"	A game also known as "king of the hill"
78	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Playing with sand	Popular with children across the world
79	Coil tournament	Coil tournament	A fight of knights
80	Tasvir yaratishda xatolik:	Rattles	Noisy musical game

Yana qarang

• Katta Piter Breygel asarlari roʻyxati

Tashqi havolalar

• KHM saytida Bolalar oʻyinlari (nemis tilida)
• Bosch Bruegel jamiyati
• Pieter Bruegel Katta qalamiga mansub 99 asar
• Bruegel ijodi Niderlandiya maktabiga asos soldi (rus tilida)

Manba

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