Al-Shanfara
Al-Shanfara (arabcha: الشنفرى; taxminan milodiy 525-yilda vafot etgan) — shoir, mashhur „Lamiyyat al-Arab“ sheʼrining muallifi[1]. Shoir jamiyatdagi ikkiyuzlamachilikni chetdan turib tanqid qilgan.
Hayoti
Al-Shanfara „lablari katta“ degan maʼnoni anglatadi[2]. Uning toʻliq ismi Sobit ibn Molik[2] yoki Sobit ibn Avs boʻlishi mumkin[3]. Al-Shanfara Yamanning al-Azd qabilasiga yoki al-Xazraj urugʻiga mansub boʻlgan boʻlishi mumkin[4]. Baʼzilar shoirning onalari afrikalik boʻlgan arablarga nisbatan qoʻlllaniladigan aʼrobat al-arab (arab qargʻalari) deb ataluvchi kishilar guruhiga kirganligini aytsa[2], yana boshqalar uning ushbu guruhga kiritilishiga qarshi bahslashadilar[5], olim Bernard Lewisning fikricha esa, bu fikrlar qarama-qarshiligi dastlabki manbalarda keltirilgan saʼalik va aʼrobat al-arab oʻrtasidagi chalkashlik bilan bogʻliq hisoblanadi[6].
Al-Shanfara taxminan 525-yilda vafot etgan[3]. Bir qancha maʼlumotlarga koʻra, al-Shanfara Haram ibn Jobirni oʻldirgani uchun undan qasos olish maqsadida oʻldirilgan. Yarim kechasi Haram ibn Jobirning ukasi va ikki oʻgʻli pistirmaga tushib, al-Shanfarani bogʻlab, oʻzlarining qabilasiga olib ketishgan.
Merosi
Al-Shanfara nomi 1033-yilda Maarriy tomonidan yozilgan „Resalat al-Ghufran“ asarida keltirilgan. Asarda tasavvuriy doʻzax safari chogʻida Maarriyni tanqid qilgan shayx Taabbata Sharran hamda al-Shanfaraga duch keladi[7][8].
Manbalar
- ↑ Sezgin 1975.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Arazi 1997.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Beeston et al. 1983.
- ↑ Mansour 2005.
- ↑ Khulayf 1978.
- ↑ Lewis 1985.
- ↑ Allen 2005.
- ↑ Nicholson 1900.
Adabiyotlar
Anʼanaviy
- The Mufaddaliyat; an anthology of ancient Arabian odes Lyall: . Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1918.
Zamonaviy
- Allen, Roger. The Arabic Literary Heritage: The Development of its Genres and Criticism. Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-521-48525-8.
- Arazi, Albert (1997). "Al-Shanfara". Encyclopaedia of Islam. 9 (2 nashri). Leiden: Brill Publishers. 301–303 b. ISBN 9004104224. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-shanfara-COM_1035?lang=en.
- „Background Topics“, Arabic Literature to the End of the Umayyad Period A. F. L. Beeston: . Cambridge University Press, 1983. ISBN 0521240158.
- Khulayf, Yusuf. الشعراء الصعاليك في العصر الجاهلية, 3 (ar), Dar al-Ma'arif, 1978.
- Lewis, Bernard (1985). "The Crows of the Arabs". Critical Inquiry 12 (1): 88–97. doi:10.1086/448322. ISSN 0093-1896. https://archive.org/details/sim_critical-inquiry_autumn-1985_12_1/page/n95.
- Mansour, Wisam (2005). "Al-Shanfara's Lamiyyatu'l Arab and the Horrors of Desert Travelling". Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi 45 (2): 45–57. doi:10.1501/Dtcfder_0000000929. http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/26/1007/12214.pdf.
- Nicholson, Reynold A. (1900). "The Risālatu'l-͟G͟hufrān: By Abū'l-'Alā al-Ma'arrī". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 637–720. ISSN 0035-869X.
- Sezgin, Fuat. Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums: Bd. 2, Poesie Bis ca. 430 H.. Leiden: Brill, 1975.
- Stetkevych, Suzanne Pinckney (1986). "Archetype and Attribution in Early Arabic Poetry: Al-Shanfarā and the Lāmiyyat al-'Arab". International Journal of Middle East Studies 18 (3): 361–90. doi:10.1017/S0020743800030518. https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1986-08_18_3/page/n107.
- Classical Arabic Poetry: 162 Poems from Imrulkais to Ma'rri Tuetey: . London: KPI, 1985.