Abu Hamid al-Gʻarnatiy

Abu Hamid al-Gʻarnatiy (arabcha: أبو حامد الغرناطي; toʻliq ismi: Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Abdurahmon ibn Sulaymon ibn Rabi al-Maziniy al-Qaysiy; taxminan 1080–1170) — arab sayyohi, geograf va yozuvchi. Al-Andalusning Granadadasidan edi^[1]. U Sharqiy va Markaziy Yevropa boʻylab sayohat qilgan hamda sayohatlari haqida arab tilidagi sayohatnoma — Tuhfat al-Albab (“Qalblar hadyasi”)da yozgan^[2]. Shuningdek, u al-Murib an bad ajayib al-Magʻrib (Shimoliy Afrikaning ayrim moʻjizalari madhiyasi) asarida hayratomuz joylar va narsalar haqida yozgan. Bu asarlar geografik tasvir, etnografik kuzatuv va moʻjizalar haqidagi rivoyatlarni birlashtiradi^[3]. Arab tilida “ajoyibotlar kitoblari” janriga asos solgan. U koʻrgan va yozgan narsalarning koʻpi fantastik tafsilotlar bilan bezatilgan.

Hayoti

Uning al-Maziniy va al-Qaysiy nisbalari uni Qays ittifoqiga mansub arab qabila nasabnomalari bilan bogʻlaydi^[4]. Al-Gʻarnatiyning oilasi, ehtimol, Almoravid amiri Yusuf ibn Tashfin hukmronligidan qochib, Granadadan ketgan. U 1106-yilda Iberiyadan Misr va Shomga sayohat qilgan, 1115-yilda Sardiniya va Sitsiliya orqali Iskandariyaga yetib borgan va Etna togʻi haqida yozgan. 1123-yilda Bagʻdodga koʻchib oʻtgan. 1131—1150-yillarda Volga-Kama Bulgʻoriyasiliklar bilan yashagan va Vengriyaga borgan, u yerda qirol Geza II saroyida maslahatchi boʻlib ishlagan. 1154-yilda Kiyev orqali Bagʻdodga oʻtgan va 1161-yildan Mosulda, 1165-yildan Halabda, nihoyat 1169-yildan Damashqda yashagan. Sitsiliya va Markaziy Oʻrta yer dengizi boʻylab safarlari chogʻida Etna togʻi kabi joylar haqida yozgan^[1].

Manbalar

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 "Abū Ḥāmid al-Gharnāṭī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed.. Brill Publishers. ""Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Sulaymān b. al-Rabīʿ al-Māzinī al-Qaysī, known as al-Gharnāṭī, a traveller from al-Andalus.""
↑ Norris, H. T. (1994). "From Asia to Africa: The 'Tuḥfat al-Albāb' by Abū Ḥāmid al-Gharnāṭī (473/1080-565/1169) as a Source for the Chronology and Content of the 'Sīrat 'Antar B. Shaddād'". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 57 (1): 174–183. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00028214. ISSN 0041-977X.
↑ The Book of Gifts and Rarities. Harvard University Press. „"Abū Ḥāmid al-Gharnāṭī, the Andalusian traveller and geographer, recorded his journeys in Tuḥfat al-Albāb."“
↑ The Formation of al-Andalus, Part 2. Brill Publishers. „"Among the Qaysis, the Banū Rabīʿ counted among their members Abū Ḥāmid al-Gharnāṭī."“

Havolalar

Tuhfat al-albabning skanerlangan nusxasi (arab tilida)
Al-Andalus sayyohlari. 2-qism — Ingrid Bejarano Eskanilya (2015), Aramco World 66(2)dan.

[EI2-1] 1,0 ^1,1 "Abū Ḥāmid al-Gharnāṭī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed.. Brill Publishers. ""Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Sulaymān b. al-Rabīʿ al-Māzinī al-Qaysī, known as al-Gharnāṭī, a traveller from al-Andalus.""

[2] Norris, H. T. (1994). "From Asia to Africa: The 'Tuḥfat al-Albāb' by Abū Ḥāmid al-Gharnāṭī (473/1080-565/1169) as a Source for the Chronology and Content of the 'Sīrat 'Antar B. Shaddād'". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 57 (1): 174–183. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00028214. ISSN 0041-977X.

[3] The Book of Gifts and Rarities. Harvard University Press. „"Abū Ḥāmid al-Gharnāṭī, the Andalusian traveller and geographer, recorded his journeys in Tuḥfat al-Albāb."“

[GranadaBrill-4] The Formation of al-Andalus, Part 2. Brill Publishers. „"Among the Qaysis, the Banū Rabīʿ counted among their members Abū Ḥāmid al-Gharnāṭī."“

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]