Abu Isʼhoq Ibrohim al-Kanemiy

Abu Ishoq Ibrohim al-Kanamiy^[1] (arabcha: أبو إسحاق إبراهيم الكانمي‎‎; taxminan 1159 – taxminan 1212) — hozirgi Nigeriya, Kamerun, Liviya va Chad hududlarini oʻz ichiga olgan Kanem-Bornu imperiyasidan boʻlgan Gʻarbiy afrikalik shoir va grammatik. U Markaziy Sudanda arab tilida yozgan birinchi kishi boʻlgan^[2].

Ibrohim oʻsha paytda Kanem tarkibiga kirgan Bilma vohasida tugʻilgan. Bir sheʼrida u oʻzini Banu Sulaymning Zaxvon (Dhakwān) tarmogʻiga mansub ekanini aytadi^[3]. Zaxvonlar Yuqori Misrdan Shimoliy Afrikaga 11-asrda koʻchib oʻtishgan. Uning „butunlay tim qora rangli“ deb tasvirlanishi kamida onasi Sahroi Kabir janubidagi afrikalik boʻlganidan dalolat beradi. U Sudanning Ganasida tahsil olgan, deb yozadi Ibn Hamuvayh^[3].

Ibrohim 1197–1198-yillar atrofida Marokashdagi Marokash shahriga borgan va u yerda grammatik va shoir sifatida shuhrat qozongan. Uning asarlaridan sakkiztasi faqat parcha-parcha holda saqlanib qolgan boʻlib, asosan Ibn al-Abbar va Ibn al-Shaʼar asarlarida keltirilgan iqtiboslardir. U satiradan nega yuz oʻgirib, asosan qasidalar yozganini tushuntirgan sheʼridan parcha ikkala muallif tomonidan ham keltirilgan^[3]. Unga Muvahhidlar xalifasi Yoqub al-Mansur (1184–1199) homiylik qilgan. Ibrohim homiysi huzurida oʻqib bergan sheʼridan ikki misra 19-asr tarixchisi Ahmad an-Nosiriy as-Salaviy tomonidan keltirilgan^[4]. Ibrohim Almohadlarning boshqa yetakchi arboblariga ham maqtov bitgan va uning sheʼrlarini maqtovchi, oʻzi ham madhiyachi boʻlgan doʻsti Abdurahmon Fazaziy bilan yaqin boʻlgan. Shuningdek, u oʻzining qoramtir terisini himoya qilib sheʼrlar yozgan va irqiga doir baytlar almashgan al-Jiraviy bilan munozara qilgan. Marokashda u Zahro ismli „oq“ ayolga uylanib, uning uchun oʻzining qora terisi haqida sheʼrlar yozgan^[3].

Ibrohim al-Andalusga (Ispaniya) koʻchib oʻtgan^[3]. Sevillada yashagan^[5]. Ispaniyada hijriy 608 yoki 609-yilda (milodiy 1211–1213-yillar orasida) 53 yoshida vafot etgan^[6]^[7].

Manbalar

↑ Hunwick 1997, s. 210, and Martin 1969, s. 20n, give his kunya as Abū Isḥāq. Hunwick 1995, s. 17, gives his full name as Ibrāhīm ibn Yaʿqūb al-Dhakwānī al-Kānemī (or al-Kānimī), where Ibrāhīm is his given name (ism), ibn Yaʿqūb his patronymic (nasab) and al-Dhakwānī and al-Kānemī two surnames (nasab) indicating his tribal and geographical origins. His name is not given consistently in the primary sources. Ibn al-Abbār gives it as Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Fāris ibn Shakla ibn ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Sulamī al-Dhakwānī.
↑ Hunwick 1997, s. 210.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 Hunwick 1995, ss. 17–19.
↑ Martin 1969, s. 20n.
↑ Shaw 1905, s. 65: „the circumstance, though slight, is interesting, as serving show that at the end of the twelfth century Negroland contributed, not only its commercial wares, but also its quota of art to the stores of Europe.“
↑ Hunwick 1995, s. 19, although Arié 1993 says that he died in Marrakesh.
↑ Khallikan, Ibn. Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary: Vol 4. Hansebooks — 345-bet. ISBN 3337959814.

Adabiyotlar

Arié, Rachel (1993). "Review of Bencherifa 1991". Arabica 40 (1): 131–132. doi:10.1163/157005893X00354.
Bencherifa, Mohammed. Ibrâhîm al-Kânimî (m. 609/1212–1213), figure illustre dans les relations culturelles entre le Maroc et Bilâd al-Sûdân. Université Mohammed V, Publications de l'Institut des Études Africaines, 1991.
Hunwick, John. Arabic Literature of Africa, Volume 2: Writings of Central Sudanic Africa. E. J. Brill, 1995.
Hunwick, John (1997). "The Arabic Literary Tradition of Nigeria". Research in African Literatures 28 (3): 210–223. https://archive.org/details/sim_research-in-african-literatures_fall-1997_28_3/page/210.
Martin, B. G. (1969). "Kanem, Bornu, and the Fazzan: Notes on the Political History of a Trade Route". The Journal of African History 10 (1): 15–27. doi:10.1017/S0021853700009257. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1969_10_1/page/14.
Shaw, Flora L.. A Tropical Dependency: An Outline of the Ancient History of the Western Sudan with an Account of the Modern Settlement of Northern Nigeria. James Nisbet and Co., 1905.

Havolalar

Natty Mark Samuels (2015), Ibrohim al-Kanamiy, Muslim Heritage (Buyuk Britaniya, Fan, texnologiya va sivilizatsiya jamgʻarmasi).

[1] Hunwick 1997, s. 210, and Martin 1969, s. 20n, give his kunya as Abū Isḥāq. Hunwick 1995, s. 17, gives his full name as Ibrāhīm ibn Yaʿqūb al-Dhakwānī al-Kānemī (or al-Kānimī), where Ibrāhīm is his given name (ism), ibn Yaʿqūb his patronymic (nasab) and al-Dhakwānī and al-Kānemī two surnames (nasab) indicating his tribal and geographical origins. His name is not given consistently in the primary sources. Ibn al-Abbār gives it as Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Fāris ibn Shakla ibn ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Sulamī al-Dhakwānī.

[FOOTNOTEHunwick1997210-2] Hunwick 1997, s. 210.

[FOOTNOTEHunwick199517–19-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 Hunwick 1995, ss. 17–19.

[FOOTNOTEMartin196920n-4] Martin 1969, s. 20n.

[5] Shaw 1905, s. 65: „the circumstance, though slight, is interesting, as serving show that at the end of the twelfth century Negroland contributed, not only its commercial wares, but also its quota of art to the stores of Europe.“

[6] Hunwick 1995, s. 19, although Arié 1993 says that he died in Marrakesh.

[7] Khallikan, Ibn. Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary: Vol 4. Hansebooks — 345-bet. ISBN 3337959814.

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